Apparatus for compensating polarization mode dispersion

1. An apparatus for compensating polarization mode dispersion (PMD), the apparatus comprising:

a polarization adjusting means for adjusting polarization states of an optical beam having a differential group delay (DGD) into a predetermined polarization states based on a polarization adjusting feedback control signal;

a polarization beam splitting means for splitting principal states of polarization (PSP) of the adjusted optical beam from the polarization adjusting means into a first polarization and a second polarization and transmitting the first polarization and the second polarization through a first routine and a second routine, respectively;

a time delaying means for delaying the first polarization based on a time delay feedback control signal;

a polarization adjustment controlling means for controlling the polarization adjusting means based on a polarization adjusting feedback control signal in order to converge electric power into a minimum value by measuring the electric power of tapped electric signal and comparing current value with previous value of the electric power, wherein the tapped electric signal is photo-electrically converted from the second polarization tapped by an optical tap;

a time delay controlling means for controlling the time delaying means based on a time delay controlling feedback signal so that electric power is converged into a maximum value by measuring the electric power of a combined electric signal and comparing current value with previous value of the electric power, wherein the combined electric signal is combined after photo-electrically converting the first polarization and the second polarization; and

an electric combining means for combining a time-compensated first polarization and the second polarization transmitted through the optical tap.

2. The apparatus as recited in claim 1 , wherein the time delaying means electrically delays the first polarization according to the time delay feedback control signal.

3. The apparatus as recited in claim 2 , wherein the time delaying means includes:

a first photo detector for converting the first polarization into an electric signal; and

an electric delay line for delaying the electric signal.

4. The apparatus as recited in claim 1 , wherein the polarization adjustment controlling means compares the current electric power with the previous electric power and provides the polarization adjusting feedback control signal to the polarization adjusting means and splitting the PSP by alignment to two axes of the polarization beam splitting means.

5. The apparatus as recited in claim 1 , wherein the time delay controlling means compares the current electric power with the previous electric power and provides the time delay feedback control signal to the time delaying means, and thereby compensating the PMD by converging a total DGD to “0”.

6. The apparatus as recited in claim 1 , the polarization adjustment controlling means includes:

an optical tap for tapping a part of the second polarization and passing a remained part of the second polarization;

a second photo detector for converting the remained part of second polarization into an electric signal;

a third photo detector for converting the tapped polarization into an electric signal;

a first band pass filter for filtering a the electric signal from the third photo detector;

a first radio frequency detector for detecting electric power of the filtered signal from the first band pass filter; and

a polarization adjustment controller for controlling the polarization adjusting means based on the electric power detected by the first radio frequency detector.

7. The apparatus as recited in claim 5 , wherein the time delay controlling means includes:

an electric divider for tapping the combined electric signal from the electric combiner;

a second band pass filter for filtering the tapped signal;

a second radio frequency detector for detecting electric power of the band-passed signal from the second band pass filter; and

an electric delay line controller for controlling the EDL based on the detected signal from the second radio frequency detector.

8. An apparatus for compensating a polarization mode dispersion (PMD), the apparatus comprising:

a polarization adjuster for adjusting polarization states of an optical beam inputted through a transmission optical link;

a polarization beam splitter for splitting principal states of polarization of the adjusted optical beam to a first polarization and a second polarization and transmitting a first polarization through a first routine and the second polarization to a second routine;

a first photo detector for converting the first polarization into an electric signal;

an optical tap for tapping a part of the second polarization and passing the remained part of the second polarization;

a second photo detector for converting the remained second polarization into an electric signal;

a third photo detector for converting the tapped signal into an electric signal;

a first band pass filter for filtering the electric signal;

a first radio frequency detector for detecting electric power of the filtered signal;

a polarization adjuster controller for controlling the polarization adjuster based on the electric power detected from the first radio frequency detector;

an electric delay line for providing a time delay in the electric signal converted by the first photo detector;

an electric combiner for combining the time-delayed signal from the EDL and the electric signal from the second photo detector;

an electric divider for tapping the combined signal from the electric combiner;

a second band pass filter for filtering a specific frequency of the tapped signal from the electric divider;

a second radio frequency detector for detecting electric power of the band passed signal from the second band pass filer; and

an EDL controller for controlling the electric delay line based on the detected signal from the second radio frequency detector.