Wood-polymer composites and additive systems therefor
The present invention provides a method of forming a wood-polymer composite structure and additive systems for use therein. The method of the invention includes extruding a heated mixture that includes from about 20 wt % to about 80 wt % by weight of a thermoplastic polymer, from about 20 wt % to about 80 wt % by weight of a cellulosic filler material, and from about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % by weight of an additive system. The additive system according the invention includes a 12-hydroxystearic acid salt or amide.
1 . An additive system for use in the fabrication of extruded wood-polymer composite articles, the additive system comprising a first lubricant selected from the group consisting of a salt of 12-hydroxystearic acid, an amide of 12-hydroxystearic acid, and combinations thereof.
2 . The additive system of claim 1 further comprising a second lubricant selected from the group consisting of calcium stearate, zinc stearate, aluminum stearate, magnesium stearate, ethylene bis stearamide, ethylene bis lauramide, ethylene bis cocamide, the monostearate of polyethylene glycol 100, the monostearate of polyethylene glycol 500, the monostearate of polyethylene glycol 1000, and combinations thereof.
3 . The additive system of claim 2 wherein the first lubricant is selected from the group consisting of N-(2-hydroxyethyl)12-hydroxystearamide; N,N′-(ethylene bis)12-hydroxystearamide, N,N′,N″-(propylene tris)12-hydroxystearamide; and N,N′,N″, N′″-(butene tetrakis)12-hydroxystearamide; Ca(12-hydroxystearate) 2 , Mg(12-hydroxystearate) 2 , Zn( 1 2-hydroxystearate) 2 , Al( 12-hydroxystearate), Al(12-hydroxystearate) 3 , and isopropoxypropylamine 12-hydroxystearamide, and combinations thereof.
4 . The additive system of claim 2 further comprising a second lubricant selected from the group consisting of castor oil, hydrogenated castor oil, partially hydrogenated castor oil, and blends thereof.
5 . The additive system of claim 2 comprising about 10 wt % to about 90 wt % of the first lubricant and about 90 wt % to about 10 wt % of the second lubricant.
6 . The additive system of claim 2 comprising about 50 wt % to about 80 wt % of the first lubricant and about 20 wt % to about 50 wt % of the second lubricant.
7 . The additive system of claim 4 further comprising about 60 wt % to about 80 wt % hydrogenated castor oil and about 20 wt % to about 40 wt % N-(2-hydroxyethyl)12-hydroxystearamide.
8 . The additive system of claim 4 comprising about 60 wt % to about 80 wt % hydrogenated castor oil and about 20 to about 40% N,N′-(ethylene bis)12-hydroxystearamide.
9 . The additive system of claim 3 comprising about 20 wt % to about 80 wt % of a first lubricant selected from the group consisting of N-(2-hydroxyethyl)12-hydroxystearamide; N,N′-(ethylene bis)12-hydroxystearamide; N,N′,N″-(propylene tris)12-hydroxystearamide; and N,N′,N″,N′″-(butene tetrakis)12-hydroxystearamide, and combinations thereof.
10 . An additive system for use in processing of wood-polymer composites comprising Zn(12-hydroxystearate) 2 .
11 . An additive system for use in processing of wood-polymer composites comprising Al(12-hydroxystearate) 3 .
12 . A wood polymer composite comprising:
a. about 20 wt % to about 80 wt % of a thermoplastic polymer
b. about 20 wt % to about 80 wt % of a cellulosic fiber material, and
c. about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % of the additive system of claim 1 .
13 . A wood polymer composite comprising:
a. about 20 wt % to about 80 wt % of a thermoplastic polymer
b. about 20 wt % to about 80 wt % of a cellulosic fiber material
c. about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % of the additive system of claim 3 .
14 . The wood polymer composite of claim 13 wherein the thermoplastic polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyamides, vinyl halide polymers, polyesters, polyolefins, polyphenylene sulfides, polystyrenes, polyoxymethylenes and polycarbonates, and blends thereof and copolymers thereof.
15 . A wood polymer composite comprising:
a. about 30 wt % to about 40 wt % of a thermoplastic polymer,
b. about 45 wt % to about 55 wt % of a cellulosic fiber material, and
c. about 3 wt % to 7 wt % of a lubricating additive system comprising
i. a first component selected from the group consisting of N-(2-hydroxyethyl)12-hydroxystearamide and N,N′-(ethylene bis)12-hydroxystearamide, N,N′,N″-(propylene tris)12-hydroxystearamide; and N,N′,N″,N′″-(butene tetrakis)12-hydroxystearamide; Ca(12-hydroxystearate)2, Mg(12-hydroxystearate)2, Zn( 1 2-hydroxystearate)2, Al( 12-hydroxystearate) and Al(12-hydroxystearate)3, and isopropoxypropylamine 12-hydroxystearamide, and blends thereof, and
ii. a second component selected from the group consisting of calcium stearate, zinc stearate, aluminum stearate, magnesium stearate, ethylene bis cocamide, ethylene bis lauramide, ethylene bisstearamide, castor oil, partially hydrogenated castor oil and fully hydrogenated castor oil.
16 . The wood polymer composite of claim 15 wherein the thermoplastic polymer is high density polyethylene and the cellulosic fiber material is selected from the group consisting of oak wood flour and pine wood flour.
17 . A method for making a wood polymer composite comprising melt-mixing at a temperature sufficient to flow a thermoplastic polymer and extruding through a die the wood polymer composite of claim 12 .
18 . A method for making a wood polymer composite comprising melt-mixing at a temperature sufficient to flow a thermoplastic polymer and extruding through a die the wood polymer composite of claim 15 .
19 . An extruded article comprising the wood polymer composite of claim 12 .
20 . A wood polymer composite article made by melt mixing and extruding the wood polymer composite of claim 15.