Functional fluid compositions
View Patent ↗There is disclosed herein novel functional fluids useful as aircraft hydraulic fluids comprising at least about 50% trialkyl phosphate ester and at least one aryl compound whereby the fluid exhibits in combination the fire resistant properties as indicated by a fire point in excess of 177° C., a flash point of at least 160° C. and an autoignition temperature of at least 400° C. The trialkyl phosphate esters contain between 6 and 18 carbon atoms and preferably between 12 and 15 carbon atoms. The aryl compounds are most preferably polyphenyls, fused ring aryl compound containing from 5 to 24 carbon atoms in the aryl portion such as biphenyl or terphenyl or alkyl substituted polyphenyls wherein the alkyl groups contain from 1 to 5 carbon atom. Other aryl compounds includes fused ring aryl compounds such as naphthalene, anthracene, diphenyl oxide and the like.
1. A composition useful as a fire resistant commercial aviation hydraulic fluid composition comprising
(A) at least about 50% by weight of a phosphate ester or mixture of phosphate esters represented by the formula
wherein R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are alkyl groups having from 1 to 14 carbon atoms wherein the sum of carbon atoms in R 1 , R 2 and R 3 is in the range of from 9 to 18, and
(B) at least about 10% of at least one substituted or unsubstituted, non-phosphate aryl compound, said aryl compound selected from the group consisting of phenyls, biphenyls, terphenyls, furans, thiophenes, benzenes, benzofurans, indanes, pyridines, benzylated toluene/xylene mixture, diphenyl oxides, naphthalene and anthracene and mixtures thereof wherein the substituents on the substituted aryl compounds are selected from the group consisting of alkyl groups having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl, alkoxy and aryloxy groups and mixtures thereof, and wherein said composition exhibits, in combination, a fire point in excess of 177° C., a flash point of at least 160° C. and an autoignition temperature of at least 399° C., a pour point less than −62° C., a viscosity at −54° C. less than 2000 cS, and a viscosity at 98.9° C. greater than 3.0 cS.
2. A composition of claim 1 wherein the amount of phosphate ester is in the range of from about 50% to about 75% and the amount of aryl compound (B) is in the range of from about 10% to about 20%.
3. A composition of claim 1 wherein the amount of phosphate ester is in the range of from about 55% to about 70% and the aryl compound (B) is in the range of from about 10% to about 15%.
4. The composition of claim 1 wherein the amount of phosphate ester is in the range of from about 60% to about 65% and the amount of aryl compound (B) is in the range of from about 10% to about 12%.
5. The composition of claim 1 wherein (A) is a mixture of different phosphate esters.
6. The composition of claim 5 wherein the phosphate ester mixture comprises two different trialkyl esters.
7. The composition of claim 6 wherein the mixture comprises about 60% tributyl phosphate ester and about 10% triisobutyl phosphate ester.
8. The composition of claim 7 wherein (B) is a substituted non-phosphate aryl compound wherein the substituents are alkyl radicals selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, tertiary butyl, pentyl, isopentyl and neopentyl.
9. The composition of claim 8 wherein the aryl compound (B) is isopropylated naphthalene.
10. The composition of claim 1 wherein the aryl compound (B) is selected from the group consisting of substituted and unsubstituted diphenyl oxide and alkylated phenyls.
11. The composition of claim 1 wherein the aryl compound is selected from the group consisting of biphenyl and terphenyl.
12. The composition of claim 10 wherein the fused ring aryl compound is selected from the group consisting of naphthalene and anthracene.
13. A composition comprising about 70% tributyl phosphate ester and about 10% isopropylated naphthalene.
14. A composition comprising about 70% tributyl phosphate ester and about 10% isopropylated naphthalene and about 20% additives.
15. A composition comprising about 60% tributyl phosphate ester, about 10% triisobutyl phosphate ester, about 10% isopropylated naphthalene and about 20% additives.
16. A composition comprising about 62% tributyl phosphate ester, about 10% triisobutyl phosphate ester, about 10% diisopropyl biphenyl and about 18% additives.