Rapid sample collection and analysis device and methods of use
The present invention is directed to devices and methods for determining the presence of analyte in a fluid sample. The devices utilize a sample collection well, an expression plate for expressing sample into the sample collection well, a plunger that drives a lance, and a test compartment containing test elements. The devices also preserve an aliquot of fluid sample in a reservoir for later confirmation testing. When the plunger is lowered into the sample collection well, a lance on the device punctures a frangible material that covers a sample outlet. When the sample outlet is thus opened, fluid sample flows from the sample collection cup to the test compartment. In one embodiment the plunger is lowered as a cap is applied to the device. The devices are useful for detecting the presence of analyte in a wide variety of fluid samples, such as saliva, oral fluids, and more. The invention also provides methods of using the devices, and kits containing the devices.
1 . A test device for detecting an analyte suspected of being present in a fluid sample, comprising:
a casing, comprising a port for a sample collection well;
a sample collection well, situated in the port and comprising an expression plate, and a plunger having a raised position and a lower position;
a chamber for storage of a confirmation sample;
a test compartment containing at least one test element;
a sample outlet sealed by a frangible material and providing liquid communication between the sample collection well and the test compartment when the sample outlet is open;
a lance for piercing the frangible material; and
a cap for the sample collection well, wherein a portion of the cap interacts with the plunger to move the plunger from the raised position to the lower position when the cap is applied to the sample collection well.
2 . The device of claim 1 wherein the plunger and expression plate are comprised within the sample collection well, and the sample collection well further comprises a lower chamber when the plunger is in the raised position, and an upper chamber where the confirmation sample is stored; and wherein the lance is carried on the plunger.
3 . The test device of claim 1 , wherein the expression plate divides the upper chamber from the lower chamber, and comprises an aperture for flow of liquid sample from the upper chamber to the lower chamber.
4 . The device of claim 1 wherein the lance is downwardly-projecting and is perpendicularly aligned with the outlet for breaking the frangible material.
5 . The device of claim 1 wherein the sample collection well and cap further comprise complementary engaging screw threads.
6 . The device of claim 1 wherein the cap comprises a downward projection that interacts with the plunger when the cap is applied to the sample collection well.
7 . The device of claim 6 wherein the expression plate comprises an opening through which the projection passes to interact with the plunger.
8 . The device of claim 2 wherein the lower chamber is absent when the plunger is in the lower position.
9 . The device of claim 1 wherein the frangible material is selected from the group consisting of paper, wax-coated paper, plastic-coated paper, plastic film, a thin plastic sheet, adhesive tape, foil, waxed foil and plastic-coated foil.
10 . The device of claim 1 wherein the test element is a test strip.
11 . The device of claim 1 wherein the test strip comprises specific binding molecules immobilized on the test strip.
12 . The device of claim 1 the test strip further comprising a chemical test.
13 . The device of claim 1 wherein the fluid sample is selected from the group consisting of: oral fluid, blood, serum, plasma, urine, feces, spinal fluid, vaginal swabs, mucus, and tissue.
14 . The device of claim 13 wherein the fluid sample is saliva.
15 . The device of claim 1 wherein the analyte is selected from the group consisting of: a drug, a hormone, a protein, a nucleic acid molecule, an etiological agent and a specific binding pair member.
16 . The device of claim 15 wherein the analyte is a drug, and the drug is a drug of abuse.
17 . The device of claim 2 wherein the upper and lower chambers are present when the plunger is in the raised position, and the lower chamber is not present when the plunger is in the lower position.
18 . A kit comprising:
a device comprising
a casing, comprising a port for a sample collection well;
a sample collection well, situated in the port and comprising an expression plalte, and a plunger having a raised position and a lower position;
a chamber for storage of a confirmation sample;
a test compartment containing at least one test element;
a sample outlet sealed by a frangible material and providing liquid communication between the sample collection well and the test compartment when the sample outlet is open;
a lance for piercing the frangible material;
a cap for the sample collection well, wherein a portion of the cap interacts with the plunger to move the plunger from the raised position to the lower position when the cap is applied to the sample collection well; and
a sample applicator.
19 . The kit of claim 18 wherein the plunger and expression plate are comprised within the sample collection well, and the sample collection well further comprises a lower chamber when the plunger is in the raised position, and an upper chamber where the confirmation sample is stored; and wherein the lance is carried on the plunger.
20 . The kit of claim 19 wherein the sample applicator further comprises an absorbent member and a handle.
21 . The kit of claim 20 wherein the absorbent member comprises a sponge.
22 . The kit of claim 20 wherein the absorbent member comprises a foam.
23 . The kit of claim 20 wherein the absorbent member comprises a solution that stimulates salivation in a test subject.
24 . A method of detecting the presence of an analyte in a fluid sample comprising,
applying the fluid sample to a device comprising,
a casing comprising a port for a sample collection well;
a sample collection well, situated in the port and comprising an expression plate, and a plunger having a raised position and a lower position;
a chamber for storage of a confirmation sample;
an expression plate;
a test compartment containing at least one test element;
a sample outlet sealed by a frangible material and providing liquid communication between the sample collection well and the test compartment when the sample outlet is open; and
a lance for piercing the frangible material; and
a cap for the sample collection well, wherein a portion of the cap interacts with the plunger to move the plunger from the raised position to the lower position when the cap is applied to the sample collection well;
applying the cap to the sample collection well and engaging the plunger;
lowering the plunger so that the lance punctures the frangible material and releases the fluid sample into the test compartment; and
determining the presence of the analyte in the fluid sample.
25 . The method of claim 24 wherein the plunger and expression plate are comprised within the sample collection well, and the sample collection well further comprises a lower chamber when the plunger is in the raised position, and an upper chamber where the confirmation sample is stored; and wherein the lance is carried on the plunger.
26 . The device of claim 25 wherein the sample collection well further comprises a lower chamber when the plunger is in the raised position, and comprising an upper chamber where the confirmation sample is stored.
27 . The method of claim 25 wherein applying the sample comprises contacting a sample applicator with the fluid sample, inserting the sample applicator into the sample well, and pressing the sample applicator against the expression plate to express the fluid sample into the sample collection well.
28 . The method of claim 25 further comprising that the expressed fluid sample flows into the lower chamber of the sample collection well, and a portion of the fluid flows from the upper chamber around an edge of the plunger and into the lower chamber.
29 . The method of claim 25 further comprising that after fluid sample is applied to the sample collection well, the cap is applied to the sample collection well, and the plunger is lowered to puncture the frangible material as the cap is applied, thereby providing fluid communication between the sample collection well and the test compartment.
30 . The test device of claim 25 wherein the fluid sample flows from the lower chamber to the test compartment when the plunger punctures the frangible material.
31 . The method of claim 25 wherein the sample collection well and cap further comprise complementary engaging screw threads.
32 . The method of claim 31 wherein when the cap is screwed onto the sample collection well, a portion of the cap interacts to provide force onto the plunger and thereby lower the plunger and puncture the frangible material.
33 . The method of claim 25 wherein the lower chamber is not present when the plunger is in the lower position.