Methods and apparatuses for removing mercury-containing material from emissions of combustion devices, and flue gas and flyash resulting therefrom

1. A method of removing mercury or mercury-containing material from flue gas produced by a coal-burning main furnace, the method comprising:

feeding coal which contains mercury or mercury-containing material to a main furnace which produces flue gas;

feeding the coal to an auxiliary burner which produces a slipstream of flyash,

feeding the slipstream of flyash from the auxiliary burner into the flue gas produced by the main furnace; and

introducing a mercury-active oxidant to at least one of the coal being fed to the auxiliary burner, the combustion air being fed to the auxiliary burner, and the flyash, and wherein the mercury-active oxidant comprises a manganese compound selected from the group consisting of methyl cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, manganese sulfonate, manganese phenate, manganese salicylate, cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, alkyl cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, organic manganese tricarbonyl derivatives, alkyl cyclopentadienyl manganese derivatives, bis-cyclopentadienyl manganese, bis-alkyl cyclopentandienyl manganese, neutral and overbased manganese salicylates, neutral and overbased manganese phenates, neutral and overbased manganese sulfonates, manganese carboxylates, and combinations and mixtures thereof.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mercury and/or the mercury-containing material is at least partially oxidized by the mercury-active oxidant.

3. The method of claim 2 , further comprising removing oxidized mercury or mercury-containing material from the flue gas.

4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the oxidized mercury or the mercury-containing material is removed from the flue gas by a means selected from the group consisting of baghouses, electrostatic precipitators, fabric filters, and scrubbers.

5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:

pulverizing the coal before feeding the coal to the main furnace and the auxiliary burner;

flowing air to the pulverizer; and

flowing the air and pulverized coal to at least one of the combustion furnace and the auxiliary burner.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein said feeding the coal to an auxiliary burner comprises at least one of feeding coal directly to the auxiliary burner and feeding partial-burn coal from the main furnace to the auxiliary burner.

7. A system for removing mercury or mercury-containing material from flue gas produced by a coal-burning main furnace, comprising:

a supply of coal which contains mercury or mercury-containing material;

a coal-burning main furnace configured to receive coal from the supply of coal and to produce flue gas from combustion of the coal;

an auxiliary burner configured to receive coal from the supply of coal, generate flyash, and direct the flyash to the flue gas of the main furnace;

a treatment device configured to introduce a mercury-active oxidant into at least one of the coal being fed to the auxiliary burner, the combustion air being fed to the auxiliary burner, and the flyash,

wherein the mercury-active oxidant comprises a manganese compound selected from the group consisting of methyl cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, manganese sulfonate, manganese phenate, manganese salicylate, cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, alkyl cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, organic manganese tricarbonyl derivatives, alkyl cyclopentadienyl manganese derivatives, bis-cyclopentadienyl manganese, bis-alkyl cyclopentandienyl manganese, neutral and overbased manganese salicylates, neutral and overbased manganese phenates, neutral and overbased manganese sulfonates, manganese carboxylates, and combinations and mixtures thereof.

8. The system of claim 7 , wherein the mercury and/or the mercury-containing material is at least partially oxidized by the mercury-active oxidant.

9. The system of claim 8 , further comprising at least one of an electrostatic precipitator, a baghouse, a fabric filter, and a scrubber configured to remove oxidized mercury from the flue gas.

10. The system of claim 7 , further comprising:

a pulverizer configured to pulverize the coal before the coal is feed to the main furnace and the auxiliary burner;

a primary air source configured to flow air to the pulverizer and to flow the air and pulverized coal to at least one of the combustion furnace and the auxiliary burner.

11. The system of claim 7 , wherein the coal is fed from the supply of coal directly to the auxiliary burner.

12. The system of claim 7 , wherein the coal is indirectly fed to the auxiliary burner by feeding coal from the supply of coal to the main furnace and feeding partial-burn coal from the main furnace to the auxiliary burner.

13. A method of removing mercury or mercury-containing material from flue gas produced by a coal-burning main furnace, the method comprising:

feeding coal to an auxiliary burner which produces a slipstream of flyash;

generating a slipstream of flyash from the auxiliary burner;

feeding the slipstream of flyash into flue gas produced by the main furnace; and

introducing a mercury-active oxidant into at least one of the coal being fed to the auxiliary burner, the combustion air being fed to the auxiliary burner, and the flyash, and wherein the mercury-active oxidant comprises a manganese compound selected from the group consisting of methyl cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, manganese sulfonate, manganese phenate, manganese salicylate, cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, alkyl cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, organic manganese tricarbonyl derivatives, alkyl cyclopentadienyl manganese derivatives, bis-cyclopentadienyl manganese, bis-alkyl cyclopentandienyl manganese, neutral and overbased manganese salicylates, neutral and overbased manganese phenates, neutral and overbased manganese sulfonates, manganese carboxylates, and combinations and mixtures thereof.

14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the mercury and/or mercury-containing material is at least partially oxidized by the mercury oxidant.

15. The method of claim 14 , further comprising removing oxidized mercury or mercury-containing material from the flue gas.

16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the oxidized mercury or the mercury-containing material is removed from the flue gas by a means selected from the group consisting of baghouses, electrostatic precipitators, fabric filters, and scrubbers.

17. The method of claim 13 , wherein said feeding the coal to an auxiliary burner comprises at least one of feeding pulverized coal directly to the auxiliary burner and feeding partial-burn pulverized coal from the main furnace to the auxiliary burner.