Organic photoelectric device with improved electron transport efficiency
An opto-electronic device, such as an OLED or organic solar cell, having an electrode structure for use as a cathode. The electrode structure includes an electrically conductive layer and an inorganic layer, wherein the inorganic layer is made of at least one oxide-based alkali or alkaline earth metal intercalation compound. The intercalation compound having the chemical formula of A x (M x O z ), where x, y, z are positive integers greater than zero, A is an alkali metal or alkaline earth element, M is a metal, transitional metal or metallic alloy, and O is oxygen. Furthermore, a buffer layer made of alkali oxides or halides, or alkaline earth oxides or halides can be provided between the conductive layer and the inorganic layer.
1. An optoelectronic device comprising:
a first electrode;
a second electrode disposed in relationship to the first electrode;
an organic optoelectronic sub-structure disposed between the first and the second electrodes; and
an inorganic layer substantially made of at least one oxide-based alkali or alkaline-earth metal intercalation compound in association to the organic optoelectronic sub-structure, wherein the oxide-based alkali or alkaline-earth metal intercalation compound is LiMn 2 O 4 , and wherein the inorganic layer is disposed between the organic optoelectronic sub-structure and the second electrode.
2. The optoelectronic device of claim 1 , wherein
the first electrode comprises an anode;
the second electrode comprises a cathode; and
the inorganic layer is disposed between the cathode and the organic optoelectronic sub-structure, and wherein the sub-structure comprises:
a hole transport layer adjacent to the anode,
an electron transport section adjacent to the inorganic layer; and
an emissive section between the hole transport layer and the electronic transport section.
3. The optoelectronic device of claim 2 , further comprising:
a hole injection layer disposed between the anode and the hole transport layer.
4. The optoelectronic device of claim 2 , wherein the anode is made from one or more materials selected from the group consisting of indium-tin oxide, aluminum doped zinc oxide, indium doped zinc oxide, tin oxide, magnesium-indium oxide, nickel-tungsten oxide, and cadmium-tin oxide.
5. The optoelectronic device of claim 2 , wherein the cathode is made from one or more of the materials selected from the group consisting of aluminum, silver, and magnesium-silver alloy.
6. The optoelectronic device of claim 2 , wherein the emissive section is made substantially of Alq 3 .
7. The optoelectronic device of claim 2 , wherein the electron transport section is made substantially of Alq 3 .
8. The optoelectronic device of claim 2 , wherein the hole transport layer is made substantially of NPB.
9. The optoelectronic device of claim 3 , wherein the hole injection layer is made substantially of CuPc.
10. The optoelectronic device of claim 1 , further comprising an insulation layer disposed between the cathode and the inorganic layer.
11. The optoelectronic device of claim 10 , wherein the insulation layer is made substantially of alkali halide or alkali oxide.
12. The optoelectronic device of claim 10 , wherein the insulation layer is made substantially of LiF.
13. The optoelectronic device of claim 1 , wherein the organic optoelectronic sub-structure comprises an emissive section.
14. The optoelectronic device of claim 1 , wherein the organic optoelectronic sub-structure comprises:
a hole transport layer adjacent to the first electrode;
an electron transport layer adjacent to the inorganic layer; and
an active layer disposed between the hole transport layer and the electron transport layer for producing electron-hole pairs in response to electromagnetic radiation.
15. The optoelectronic device of claim 1 , wherein the organic optoelectronic sub-structure comprises an active layer for producing electron-hole pairs in response to electromagnetic radiation.
16. An electrode structure for use in an optoelectronic device, the optoelectronic device comprising an organic optoelectronic sub-structure having an electron flow associated thereto, said electrode structure comprising:
an electrically conducting layer for providing an electric current associated with the electron flow; and
an inorganic layer substantially made of LiMn 2 O 4 , wherein the inorganic layer is disposed between the electrically conducting layer and the organic optoelectronic sub-structure.
17. The electrode structure of claim 16 , further comprising:
an insulation layer disposed between the inorganic layer and electrically conducting layer.
18. The electronic structure of claim 17 , wherein the insulation layer is made substantially of alkali halide or alkali oxide.