Soundproof assembly
A soundproof assembly having front and rear panels with one or both of the front and rear panels having a laminar structure. In one embodiment the front and rear panels are spaced apart by a spacer structure and a covering structure is attached around the periphery to provide an enclosed air space between the front and rear panels. In another embodiment the front and rear panels are affixed to each other. In another embodiment front and rear panels are separated by an interior panel.
1. A soundproof assembly comprising:
a first panel;
a second panel; and
at least one spacer interposed between the first and second panels to provide an air gap between adjacent sides of the first and second panels, wherein at least one of the first and second panels comprise a laminar structure wherein the laminar structure comprises two external layers of material, at least one internal constraining layer and two or more internal layers of a viscoelastic glue separated by the at least one internal constraining layer; and further wherein
said internal constraining layer has a Young Modulus of 10 Giga Pascals or greater and further wherein said internal constraining layer has a thickness between 0.013 inch and 0.14 inch.
2. The soundproof assembly of claim 1 , wherein each of the first and the second panels comprises a laminar structure.
3. The soundproof assembly according to claim 1 , further comprising acoustically absorptive material positioned in a portion of the air gap.
4. The soundproof assembly according to claim 3 , wherein the acoustically absorptive material comprises a material selected from the group consisting of fiberglass, cellulose, mineral wool, foam and a granular material.
5. The soundproof assembly of claim 1 , wherein the at least one constraining layer comprises metal.
6. The soundproof assembly of claim 5 , wherein at least one constraining layer comprises a sheet metal layer of selected thickness.
7. The soundproof assembly of claim 6 , wherein the sheet metal layer comprises galvanized steel.
8. The soundproof assembly according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one constraining layer comprises a layer of a ceramic material.
9. The soundproof assembly according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one internal constraining layer comprises a composite material.
10. The soundproof assembly according to claim 9 , wherein the composite material comprises fiberglass, carbon fiber or Kevlar.
11. The soundproof assembly according to claim 1 , wherein at least one of the external layers comprises a material selected from the group consisting of wood, a cellulose based material, metal, ceramic, a composite material and fiberglass.
12. The soundproof assembly of claim 2 , wherein the first and second laminar panels each comprise two external layers of material, at least one internal constraining layer and two or more internal layers of a viscoelastic glue separated by the at least one internal constraining layer.
13. The soundproof assembly according to claim 12 , wherein at least one of the external layers comprises a material selected from the group consisting of wood, a cellulose based material, metal, ceramic, a composite material, and fiberglass.
14. The soundproof assembly of claim 1 , further comprising a layer of material affixed around a perimeter of the first and second panels.
15. The soundproof assembly of claim 1 , wherein the at least one internal constraining layer comprises at least one material selected from the group consisting of metal, ceramic, a solid petroleum-based synthetic material such as vinyl, plastic composite, or rubber, and a composite material.
16. A method of forming a soundproof assembly comprising:
providing a first panel having a laminar structure, the first panel having first and second exterior surfaces, said first panel comprising two external layers of material, at least one internal constraining layer and two or more internal layers of a viscoelastic glue separated by the at least one internal constraining layer;
providing a second panel having first and second exterior surfaces;
providing a spacer structure having first and second surfaces;
securing the first surface of the spacer structure to the first exterior surface of the first panel; and
securing one of the first and second exterior surfaces of the second panel to the second surface of the spacer structure; and further wherein
said internal constraining layer has a Young Modulus of 10 Giga Pascals or greater and further wherein said internal constraining layer has a thickness between 0.013 inch and 0.14 inch.
17. The method according to claim 16 , wherein providing the second panel comprises: providing a panel with a laminar structure.
18. The method of claim 16 , wherein providing the first panel having a laminar structure comprises:
providing a first layer of material, the first layer having an interior and an exterior surface;
applying a first layer of a viscoelastic glue to the interior surface of the first layer of material;
providing a constraining layer of material;
providing a second layer of material;
applying a second layer of viscoelastic glue to one surface of the second layer of material;
interposing the constraining layer of material between exposed surfaces of the first and second layers of viscoelastic glues; and
pressing the first layer of material, the first layer of viscoelastic glue, the constraining layer, the second layer of viscoelastic glue and the second layer of material for a selected time.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein providing a constraining layer of material comprises providing a layer of metal.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein providing a layer of metal comprises providing a sheet metal layer.
21. The method of claim 20 , wherein providing a sheet metal layer comprises providing a layer of galvanized steel.
22. The method of claim 18 , wherein providing a constraining layer of material comprises providing a layer of solid petroleum-based synthetic material selected from the group consisting of vinyl, plastic composite, and rubber.
23. The method according to claim 18 , wherein providing a constraining layer of material comprises providing a layer of material selected from the group consisting of sheet ceramic, sheet fiberglass, and a sheet of composite material.
24. The method according to claim 18 , wherein providing a first layer of material comprises providing a layer of material selected from the group consisting of ceramic, metal, fiberglass, and a composite material.