Cooling systems for stacked laminate CMC vane
View Patent ↗Embodiments of the invention relate to various cooling systems for a turbine vane made of stacked ceramic matrix composite (CMC) laminates. Each airfoil-shaped laminate has an in-plane direction and a through thickness direction substantially normal to the in-plane direction. The laminates have anisotropic strength characteristics in which the in-plane tensile strength is substantially greater than the through thickness tensile strength. Such a vane construction lends itself to the inclusion of various cooling features in individual laminates using conventional manufacturing and forming techniques. When assembled in a radial stack, the cooling features in the individual laminates can cooperate to form intricate three dimensional cooling systems in the vane.
1. A cooled vane assembly comprising:
a vane formed by a radial stack of laminates having an airfoil-shaped outer periphery, the vane having a planar direction and a radial direction, the radial direction being substantially normal to the planar direction, wherein each of the laminates is made of an anistropic CMC material such that the planar tensile strength of the vane is substantially greater than the radial tensile strength of the vane;
at least one of the laminates having a outer airfoil-shaped wall enclosing an inner wall, the inner wall being spaced from the outer wall so as to define a cooling passage therebetween, the inner wall being connected to the outer wall by at least one rib, wherein the at least one rib divides the cooling passage into a set of discrete cooling passage, the inner wall enclosing a central opening defining a plenum;
a second laminate having an outer airfoil-shaped wall enclosing an inner wall, the inner wall being spaced from the outer wall so as to define a cooling passage therebetween, the inner wall being joined to the outer wall by least one rib, wherein the at least one rib divides the cooling passage into a set of discrete cooling passages, the inner wall including a central opening defining a plenum;
wherein the vane is formed by an alternating arrangement of the at least one laminate and the second laminate, and wherein the cooling passages in the at least one laminate offsettingly overlap the cooling passages in the second laminate so as to be in fluid communication.
2. The vane assembly of claim 1 wherein the plenum is in fluid communication with at least one of the cooling passages through at least one supply opening provided in the inner wall.
3. The vane assembly of claim 2 wherein the at least one laminate has a leading edge and a trailing edge, wherein the supply opening is provided near one of the trailing edge and the leading edge of the laminate.
4. The vane of claim 1 wherein the spacing between the outer and inner walls in the at least one laminate is substantially constant.
5. The vane assembly of claim 1 wherein at least one he laminates includes a forward portion and an aft portion, wherein the spacing between the outer and inner walls is substantially constant in the forward portion and increases in at least a part of the aft portion, whereby at least one he laminates includes a substantially hollow trailing edge.
6. The vane of claim 1 wherein at least one he laminates includes a discharge opening extending through the outer wall of at least one he laminates substantially in the planar direction, wherein the discharge opening extends from one of the cooling passages and out the trailing edge of at least one he laminates, whereby a coolant in the cooling passages can be discharged at the trailing edge of the vane.
7. The vane assembly of claim 1 wherein the vane includes an outer peripheral surface, wherein the outer peripheral surface is substantially covered by a thermal insulating material.
8. The vane assembly of claim 1 wherein vane includes a pressure side and a suction side, wherein the at least one rib is provides only on the suction side of the at least one laminate.