Medical devices and methods of making the same
Medical devices, such as stents, and methods of making the devices, are described. In some embodiments, the invention features a medical device that includes a member having a first portion and a second portion that define an electrically conductive loop. The first portion is adapted to break or erode after expansion of the medical device, and the second portion is not adapted to break or erode after expansion of the medical device. The breaking or erosion of the first portion breaks the electrically conductive loop.
1 . A medical device, comprising:
a member comprising a first portion and a second portion that define an electrically conductive loop,
wherein the first portion is adapted to break or erode after expansion of the medical device, and the second portion is not adapted to break or erode after expansion of the medical device, wherein the breaking or erosion of the first portion breaks the electrically conductive loop.
2 . The medical device of claim 1 , wherein the medical device does not define any electrically conductive loops after the first portion has broken or eroded.
3 . The medical device of claim 1 , wherein the first portion comprises a bioerodible material.
4 . The medical device of claim 3 , wherein the bioerodible material comprises a metal selected from the group consisting of magnesium, titanium, zirconium, niobium, tantalum, zinc, silicon, lithium, sodium, potassium, manganese, calcium, iron, and combinations thereof.
5 . The medical device of claim 1 , wherein the medical device is radiopaque.
6 . The medical device of claim 1 , further comprising an alloy comprising a metal selected from the group consisting of titanium, vanadium, tantalum, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, platinum, palladium, aluminum, iridium, rhenium, tungsten, and combinations thereof.
7 . The medical device of claim 1 , further comprising an alloy selected from the group consisting of titanium-molybdenum, titanium-niobium-tantalum-zirconium, titanium-tantalum, titanium-aluminum-vanadium-tantalum, titanium-iridium, titanium-rhenium, titanium-tantalum-iridium, titanium-tantalum-rhenium, and niobium-zirconium.
8 . The medical device of claim 1 , further comprising a material having a magnetic susceptibility of less than about 0.9×10 −3 .
9 . The medical device of claim 1 , further comprising a material having a density of greater than about eight grams per cubic centimeter.
10 . The medical device of claim 1 , further comprising a metal or a metal alloy having a magnetic susceptibility of less than about 0.9×10 −3 and a density of greater than about eight grams per cubic centimeter.
11 . The medical device of claim 1 , wherein the medical device comprises an implantable medical endoprosthesis.
12 . The medical device of claim 11 , wherein the implantable medical endoprosthesis comprises a stent.
13 . The medical device of claim 11 , wherein the implantable medical endoprosthesis comprises at least one band or strut defining a hole, a notch, a slot, a groove, or a chamfer.
14 . The medical device of claim 11 , wherein the implantable medical endoprosthesis comprises at least one band or strut having a first region with a first thickness and a second region with a second thickness that is greater than the first thickness.
15 . The medical device of claim 1 , further comprising an oxide.
16 . A method, comprising:
expanding a medical device comprising a first portion and a second portion that define an electrically conductive loop,
wherein after the medical device has been expanded, the first portion breaks or erodes and thereby breaks the electrically conductive loop.
17 . The method of claim 16 , wherein first portion comprises a bioerodible material.
18 . The method of claim 16 , wherein the first portion comprises an oxide.
19 . The method of claim 16 , wherein the first portion has a first thickness and the second portion has a second thickness that is greater than the first thickness.
20 . A method, comprising:
delivering a medical device into a lumen of a subject,
wherein the medical device comprises a member comprising a first portion and a second portion that define an electrically conductive loop, and the first portion is adapted to break or erode after expansion of the medical device, and the second portion is not adapted to break or erode after expansion of the medical device.
21 . The method of claim 20 , further comprising expanding the medical device.
22 . The method of claim 21 , wherein after the medical device has been expanded, the first portion breaks or erodes and thereby breaks the electrically conductive loop.
23 . The method of claim 22 , wherein the medical device does not define any electrically conductive loops after the first portion has broken or eroded.
24 . The method of claim 22 , wherein the electrically conductive loop is broken from about one week to about three weeks after the medical device has been expanded.
25 . The method of claim 22 , wherein the electrically conductive loop is broken from about one month to about three months after the medical device has been expanded.
26 . The method of claim 22 , wherein the electrically conductive loop is broken from about six months to about nine months after the medical device has been expanded.
27 . The method of claim 21 , further comprising, after the medical device has been expanded, expanding the medical device so that the electrically conductive loop breaks.
28 . The method of claim 27 , wherein the medical device is expanded using a medical balloon.
29 . The method of claim 21 , further comprising, after the medical device has been expanded, exposing the medical device to ultrasound.
30 . The method of claim 21 , further comprising altering a configuration of the medical device so that the electrically conductive loop breaks.
31 . The method of claim 30 , wherein altering a configuration of the medical device comprises breaking at least one component of the medical device.
32 . The method of claim 31 , wherein the at least one component comprises a band or a strut.
33 . The method of claim 30 , wherein altering a configuration of the medical device comprises heating a portion of the medical device.
34 . The method of claim 30 , wherein altering a configuration of the medical device comprises cooling a portion of the medical device.
35 . The method of claim 30 , wherein altering a configuration of the medical device comprises contacting a portion of the medical device with an agent that dissolves the portion of the medical device.
36 . The method of claim 22 , further comprising viewing the medical device with magnetic resonance imaging.
37 . The method of claim 22 , further comprising viewing the lumen of the subject with magnetic resonance imaging.
38 . The method of claim 20 , further comprising viewing the medical device using X-ray fluoroscopy.
39 . A method, comprising:
expanding a medical device having at least one electrically conductive loop to break the at least one electrically conductive loop.