Low loss prepregs, compositions useful for the preparation thereof and uses therefor
View Patent ↗In accordance with the present invention, we have developed compositions useful for the preparation of prepregs, laminates, and the like having excellent performance properties. Invention compositions comprise a combination of a first component (i.e., a low loss, low dielectric constant, hydrocarbyl thermoplastic resin), a second component (i.e., a component which is capable of crosslinking to produce a thermoset in the presence of the first component), a free radical source, and optionally, one or more additives and/or diluents. Invention compositions can be prepared from widely available and inexpensive starting materials. As a result, invention compositions not only provide fabricated articles having outstanding performance properties, in addition, the cost of producing the resulting articles compares quite favorably with the cost of making competitive materials which require the use of more expensive, less readily available starting materials. Also provided in accordance with the present invention are prepregs prepared from invention compositions, laminated sheets prepared from the above-described prepregs, printed wiring boards, methods of making each of the above, and the like.
1. A composition comprising an intimate blend of:
(a) a non-reactive polymeric first component comprising a low loss, low dielectric constant, hydrocarbyl thermoplastic resin having no residual unsaturation and no crosslinkable substitution thereon,
(b) a reactive monomeric second component which is free-radically crosslinkable to produce a thermoset in the presence of the first component,
(c) a free radical source,
(d) optionally, one or more additives, and
(e) an optional diluent therefor.
2. The composition of claim 1 wherein said composition, after cure, has a dielectric constant ≦4.5 nominal, and an electrical loss tangent ≦0.02.
3. The composition of claim 1 wherein said composition, after cure, has a glass transition temperature ≧80° C.
4. The composition of claim 1 wherein (a) is a cyclic olefin-containing copolymer, terpolymer, block copolymer, or combination of any two or more thereof.
5. The composition of claim 4 wherein said cyclic olefin-containing copolymer is a copolymer of an aliphatic olefin and a cyclic olefin.
6. The composition of claim 4 wherein said cyclic olefin-containing copolymer is a copolymer of an olefin and norbornene.
7. The composition of claim 6 wherein said copolymer is synthesized by addition polymerization.
8. The composition of claim 6 wherein the molar ratio of olefin to norbornene falls in the range of about 1:6 up to about 1:1.5.
9. The composition of claim 4 wherein said cyclic olefin-containing copolymer has a molecular weight in the range of about 500 up to about 100,000.
10. The composition of claim 1 wherein said compound is non-polar.
11. The composition of claim 1 wherein (b) has the structure (II) as follows:
wherein:
q is an integer between 1 and 6, provided, however, that not all q's are 1,
each R is independently selected from hydrogen or lower alkyl,
each Q, when present, is independently selected from —CH 2 —, —O—, —O—C(O)—, —C(O)— or —C(O)—O—, and
each Y is independently a monovalent or polyvalent moiety, provided, however, that not all Y's are monovalent.
12. The composition of claim 11 wherein Y is selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, heteroatom-containing hydrocarbyl, substituted heteroatom-containing hydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylene, substituted hydrocarbylene, heteroatom-containing hydrocarbylene, substituted heteroatom-containing hydrocarbylene, and technically feasible combinations of any of the above with a linker selected from the group consisting of a covalent bond, —O—, —S—, —NR—, —O—C(O)—, —O—C(O)—O—, —O—C(O)—NR—, —NR—C(O)—, —NR—C(O)—O—, —NR—C(O)—NR—, —S—C(O)—, —S—C(O)—O—, —S—C(O)—NR—, —O—S(O) 2 —, —O—S(O) 2 —O—, —O—S(O) 2 —NR—, —O—S(O)—, —O—S(O)—O—, —O—S(O)—NR—, —O—NR—C(O)—, —O—NR—C(O)—O—, —O—NR—C(O)—NR—, —NR—O—C(O)—, —NR—O—C(O)—O—, —NR—O—C(O)—NR—, —O—NR—C(S)—, —O—NR—C(S)—O—, —O—NR—C(S)—NR—, —NR—O—C(S)—, —NR—O—C(S)—O—, —NR—O—C(S)—NR—, —O—C(S)—, —O—C(S)—O—, —O—C(S)—NR—, —NR—C(S)—, —NR—C(S)—O—, —NR—C(S)—NR—, —S—S(O) 2 —, —S—S(O) 2 —O—, —S—S(O) 2 —NR—, —NR—O—S(O)—, —NR—O—S(O)—O—, —NR—O—S(O)—NR—, —NR—O—S(O) 2 —, —NR—O—S(O) 2 —O—, —NR—O—S(O) 2 —NR—, —O—NR—S(O)—, —O—NR—S(O)—O—, —O—NR—S(O)—NR—, —O—NR—S(O) 2 —O—, —O—NR—S(O) 2 —NR—, —O—NR—S(O) 2 —, —O—P(O)R 2 —, —S—P(O)R 2 —, —NR—P(O)R 2 —;
wherein each R is independently hydrogen, alkyl or substituted alkyl.
13. The composition of claim 1 wherein (b) is a thermally stable dielectric material selected from the group consisting of di-allylic compound(s), tri-allylic compound(s), di-vinyllic compound(s), tri-vinyllic compound(s), conjugated diene(s), non-conjugated diene(s), di(meth)acrylate compound(s), tri(meth)acrylate compound(s), and mixtures of any two or more thereof.
14. The composition of claim 1 wherein (b) is triallyl isocyanurate or triallyl cyanurate.
15. The composition of claim 1 wherein said free radical source is thermally or photochemically activated.
16. The composition of claim 1 wherein (c) is activated thermally.
17. The composition of claim 16 wherein (c) is a peroxide having a decomposition temperature of at least about 35° C.
18. The composition of claim 17 wherein (c) is dicumyl peroxide.
19. The composition of claim 1 wherein (c) is an azo compound, a redox initiator, or a bisazide.
20. The composition of claim 1 wherein (c) is activated by ultraviolet or electron-beam irradiation.
21. The composition of claim 20 wherein (c) is selected from the group consisting of benzophenone, 9-phenyl acridine, ethyl Michler's ketone (EMK), zinc acetylacetonate, and triphenyl phosphine oxide.
22. The composition of claim 1 wherein (c) is present in an amount falling in the range of about 0.01-10 weight percent, based on the total weight of the composition.
23. The composition of claim 1 , wherein said optional additive is selected from the group consisting of fire retardants, fillers, fluorescent dyes, and flow modifiers.
24. The composition of claim 1 wherein (d) is a substantially halogen-free fire retardant.
25. The composition of claim 1 wherein (d) is a phosphorus-containing fire retardant.
26. The composition of claim 1 wherein (e), when present, is an aromatic, aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, and mixtures of any two or more thereof.
27. The composition of claim 26 wherein (e) is non-polar.
28. The composition of claim 26 wherein (e) is toluene, hexane, cyclohexane, and mixtures of any two or more thereof.
29. The composition of claim 1 wherein the weight ratio between (a) and (b) falls in the range of about 1:1 up to about 100:1.
30. The composition of claim 1 wherein the weight ratio between (a) and (b) falls in the range of about 1.5:1 up to about 99:1.
31. An article comprising a layer of the composition of claim 1 on a substrate.
32. The article of claim 31 wherein said substrate is a polyester, a polyamide, a polyolefine, a polyphenylene oxide, or a conductive metal.
33. The article of claim 32 wherein said conductive metal is selected from the group consisting of silver, nickel, gold, cobalt, copper, aluminum, graphite, silver-coated graphite, nickel-coated graphite, and alloys of such metals.
34. A prepreg produced by impregnating a porous substrate with a composition according to claim 1 , and subjecting the resulting impregnated substrate to conditions suitable to remove substantially all of the diluent therefrom.
35. The prepreg of claim 34 wherein said substrate is woven or non-woven.
36. The prepreg of claim 35 wherein said substrate is selected from the group consisting of fiberglass, quartz, polyester fiber, polyamide fiber, polyphenylene sulfide fiber, polyalkylene fiber, liquid crystalline polymer, poly(p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole), and mixtures of any two or more thereof.
37. The prepreg of claim 36 wherein said substrate is selected from the group consisting of aramid fiber, polytetrafluoroethylene, a copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and perfluoromethylvinyl ether (MFA).
38. A method of making an article comprising a composition according to claim 1 on a substrate, said method comprising applying said composition to a substrate and removing substantially all diluent therefrom.
39. A method of making a prepreg comprising a porous substrate impregnated with a composition according to claim 1 , said method comprising impregnating a porous substrate with said composition, and subjecting the resulting impregnated substrate to conditions suitable to remove substantially all of the diluent therefrom.
40. The composition of claim 1 wherein the weight ratio between (a) and (b) is about 90:10.
41. The composition of claim 1 wherein the weight ratio between (a) and (b) is about 80:20.
42. The composition of claim 1 wherein the weight ratio between (a) and (b) is about 70:30.
43. The composition of claim 1 wherein (d) is a halogenated fire retardant.
44. A composition comprising an intimate blend of:
(a) a non-reactive first component comprising a low loss, low dielectric constant, hydrocarbyl cyclic olefin-containing copolymeric thermoplastic resin having no residual unsaturation and no crosslinkable substitution thereon,
(b) a reactive second component which is free-radically crosslinkable to produce a thermoset in the presence of the first component,
(c) a free radical source,
(d) optionally, one or more additives, and
(e) an optional diluent therefor.
45. The composition of claim 44 wherein said cyclic olefin-containing co-polymeric thermoplastic resin is synthesized by addition polymerization of norbornene with an olefin.
46. The composition of claim 45 wherein said cyclic olefin-containing copolymer has a molecular weight in the range of about 20,000 up to about 90,000.
47. A composition comprising an intimate blend of:
(a) a non-reactive first component comprising a low loss, low dielectric constant, hydrocarbyl thermoplastic resin having no residual unsaturation and no crosslinkable substitution thereon,
(b) a reactive second component which is free-radically crosslinkable to produce a thermoset in the presence of the first component, wherein said second component is non-polar and has the following structure:
wherein:
q is 2or 3,
each R is independently selected from hydrogen or lower alkyl,
each Q, when present, is independently selected from —CH 2 —, —O—, —O—C(O)—, —C(O)— or —C(O)—O—, and
Y is a polyvalent moiety selected from the group consisting of heteroatom-containing hydrocarbylene and substituted heteroatom-containing hydrocarbylene,
(c) a free radical source,
(d) optionally, one or more additives, and
(e) an optional diluent therefor.
48. The composition of claim 47 wherein said second component is triallyl isocyanurate.
49. The composition of claim 48 wherein said composition comprises no greater than 90 parts of said first component and at least 10 parts of said second component.
50. A composition consisting essentially of an intimate blend of:
(a) a non-reactive first component comprising a low loss, low dielectric constant, hydrocarbyl thermoplastic resin,
(b) a reactive second component which is free-radically crosslinkable to produce a thermoset in the presence of the first component,
(c) a free radical source,
(d) optionally, one or more additives selected from the group consisting of fire retardants, fillers, fluorescent dyes, flow modifiers, plasticizers, cure retardants, cure accelerators, strength enhancers, UV protectors, and pigments, as well as mixtures of any two or more thereof, and
(e) an optional diluent therefor.