System for limiting receive audio
View Patent ↗A system for limiting a received audio signal in a communication system is provided. The receive audio signal is limited prior to being played over a loudspeaker to insure that the loudspeaker output will not be clipped when picked up by a nearby microphone associated with the communication system. By preventing clipping of the loudspeaker output at the microphone, the transfer function of the loudspeaker-enclosure-microphone system remains linear, facilitating accurate echo cancellation in the communication system.
1. A system for limiting an output signal to a speaker in a communication system having a speaker and a microphone, the system comprising: an echo power estimator for estimating audio power received at the microphone when the output signal is reproduced by the speaker; and a limiter adapted to limit the output signal to the speaker when the estimated audio power received at the microphone exceeds a threshold.
2. The system of claim 1 wherein the threshold corresponds to an audio power level above which audio signals transduced by the microphone are clipped.
3. The system of claim 1 wherein the echo power estimator comprises a model of a transfer function from the speaker to the microphone.
4. The system of claim 3 where the model comprises a low order infinite impulse response filter.
5. The system of claim 4 wherein coefficients for the low order infinite impulse filter are derived from an adaptive echo cancellation filter.
6. The system of claim 3 wherein the model comprises a scalar quantity calculated by summing the square of each of a plurality of adaptive echo cancellation filter coefficients.
7. The system of claim 1 where in the echo power estimate is adapted to estimate the audio power of the speaker output in various frequency sub-bands and the limiter is adapted to limit individual frequency sub-bands of the output signal to the speaker.
8. A communication system comprising: a transceiver for receiving and transmitting audio signals; a loudspeaker for reproducing audio signals received by the transceiver; a microphone for transducing sounds into audio signals to be transmitted by the transceiver; power estimation circuitry adapted to generate an audio power of estimate of the audio power expected to be received at the microphone when a received audio signal is reproduced by the loudspeaker; and a limiter for limiting the received audio signal when the audio power estimate exceeds a threshold value.
9. The communication system of claim 8 wherein the threshold value corresponds an audio power level at which audio signals transduced by the microphone are clipped.
10. The communication system of claim 8 further comprising echo cancellation circuitry for filtering a portion of the audio signals transduced by the microphone to remove portions of the transduced audio signal that are the result of the microphone picking up the loudspeaker output.
11. The communication system of claim 10 wherein the limiter acts to limit the loudspeaker output to a dynamic range in which the audio transfer characteristics from the loudspeaker through the microphone remain linear.
12. The communication system of claim 10 wherein the echo cancellation circuitry comprises an adaptive filter.
13. The communication system of claim 12 wherein the power estimation circuitry comprises a low order infinite impulse response filter having coefficients derived from the echo cancellation adaptive filter.
14. The communication system of claim 8 wherein the power estimation circuitry is adapted to estimate the audio power received at the microphone in a plurality of different frequency sub-bands, and the limiter is adapted to individually limit a plurality of frequency sub-bands of the output signal to the loudspeaker.
15. An echo canceling system comprising: a transceiver; a loudspeaker for reproducing a received audio signal received by the transceiver; a microphone for transducing local sounds into a transmit audio signal to be transmitted by the transceiver; echo cancellation circuitry configured to remove an echo signal comprising sounds reproduced by the loudspeaker and picked up by the microphone to determine an audio transfer signal from the audio signal transduced by the microphone; and limiting circuitry configured to limit the audio signal reproduced by the loudspeaker such that the echo signal is not clipped at the microphone based on the audio signal reproduced by the loudspeaker alone.
16. The echo canceling system of claim 15 wherein echo cancellation circuitry comprises an adaptive filter.
17. The echo cancellation system of claim 16 further comprising a model of a spectral envelope of a loudspeaker-enclosure-microphone system comprising the loudspeaker, the microphone and a surrounding environment in which they are placed.
18. The echo cancellation system of claim 17 wherein the model of the spectral envelope of the loudspeaker-enclosure-microphone system comprises a low order infinite impulse response filter having coefficients derived from the echo cancellation adaptive filter.
19. The echo cancellation system of claim 17 wherein the model of the spectral envelope of the loudspeaker-enclosure-microphone system comprises a scalar value calculated by squaring and summing the coefficients of the echo cancellation adaptive filter.
20. The echo cancellation system of claim 15 wherein the limiting circuitry is adapted to individually limit different frequency sub-bands within the received audio signal.
21. An echo canceling system comprising: a loudspeaker for reproducing a received audio signal; a microphone for transducing a local audio signal; an echo cancellation filter for estimating an echo signal based on the audio signal reproduced by the loudspeaker picked up by the microphone, and filtering the echo signal from the local audio signal; and limiting circuitry for limiting the received audio signal to a level below that which will cause clipping at the microphone based on the audio signal reproduced by the loudspeaker alone.
22. The echo cancellation system of claim 21 wherein the limiting circuitry includes a low order infinite impulse response filter having coefficients derived from the echo cancellation filter.
23. The echo cancellation system of claim 21 wherein the limiting circuitry comprises a model of an audio transfer function between the loudspeaker and microphone.
24. The echo cancellation system of claim 23 wherein the model comprises a scalar deriver from coefficients of the echo cancellation filter.
25. The echo cancellation system of claim 21 wherein said limiting circuitry is adapted to individually limit a plurality of different frequency sub-bands of the received audio signal.
26. A method of canceling echo in a communication system having a loudspeaker and a microphone, the method comprising: receiving an audio signal; determining a short-term power estimate of the audio power that would be received at the microphone if the received audio signal were played over the loudspeaker; comparing the short-term power estimate to a received power threshold known to cause clipping at the microphone; limiting the received audio signal if the short-term power estimate exceeds the received power threshold.
27. The method of claim 26 wherein limiting the received audio signal comprises limiting individual frequency sub-bands of the received audio signal.
28. The method of claim 26 wherein estimating the echo signal from the loudspeaker that will be picked up by the microphone comprises applying the received audio signal to a low order infinite impulse response.
29. The method of claim 26 wherein the step of filtering the estimated echo signal from an audio signal picked up by the microphone comprises subtracting the output of the adaptive echo cancellation filter from the microphone pick up signal.