Flame retardant and stabilizer combined, for polyesters and polyamides
The invention relates to a flame retardant and stabilizer combined for thermoplastic polymers, which comprises, as component A, a phosphinic salt of the formula (I) and/or a diphosphinic salt of the formula (II), and/or polymers of these, where R 1 and R 2 are identical or different and are C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, linear or branched, and/or aryl; R 3 is C 1 -C 10 -alkylene, linear or branched, C 6 -C 10 -arylene, -alkylarylene, or -arylalkylene; M is Mg, Ca, Al, Sb, Sn, Ge, Ti, Fe, Zr, Ce, Bi, Sr, Mn, Li, Na, K, and/or a protonated nitrogen base; m is from 1 to 4; n is from 1 to 4; x is from 1 to 4, and which comprises, as component B, at least one chain extender from the following classes of compounds b1) bislactams, b2) bisoxazolines or bisoxazines, and/or b3) epoxides, b4) anhydrides of polybasic carboxylic acids.
1 . A flame retardant and stabilizer combined, for thermoplastic polymers, comprising, as component A, a phosphinic salt of formula (I), a diphosphinic salt of formula (II), polymers of the phosphinic salt of formula (I), polymers of the diphosDhinic salt of formula (II), or mixtures thereof,
where
R 1 and R 2 are identical or different and are C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, linear or branched, or aryl;
R 3 is C 1 -C 10 -alkylene, linear or branched, C 6 -C 10 -arylene, -alkylarylene, or -arylalkylene;
M is Mg, Ca, Al, Sb, Sn, Ge, Ti, Fe, Zr, Ce, Bi, Sr, Mn, Li, Na, K, Zn or a protonated nitrogen base;
m is from 1 to 4; n is from 1 to 4; x is from 1 to 4, as component B, at least one chain extender, wherein the at least one chain extender is a compound selected from the group consisting of
b1) bislactams,
b2) bisoxazolines or bisoxazines,
b3) epoxides, and
b4) anhydrides of polybasic carboxylic acids.
2 . The flame retardant and stabilizer combined as claimed in claim 1 , wherein R 1 and R 2 are identical or different and are C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, linear or branched, or phenyl.
3 . The flame retardant and stabilizer combined as claimed in claim 1 , wherein R 1 and R 2 are identical or different and are methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl or phenyl.
4 . The flame retardant and stabilizer combined as claimed claim 1 , wherein R 3 is methylene, ethylene, n-propylene, isopropylene, n-butylene, tert-butylene, n-pentylene, n-octylene, n-dodecylene; phenylene, naphthylene; methylphenylene, ethylphenylene, tert-butylphenylene, methylnaphthylene, ethylnaphthylene, tert-butyinaphthylene; phenylmethylene, phenylethylene, phenylpropylene, or phenylbutylene.
5 . The flame retardant and stabilizer combined as claimed in claim 1 , wherein component B is at least one bis-N-acyllactam of the formula
where A=alkyl or an aromatic group, and n=from 3 to 11.
6 . The flame retardant and stabilizer combined as claimed in claim 1 , wherein component B comprises N,N′-isophthaloylbis-2-caprolactam, N,N′-adipoylbis-ε-caprolactam, N,N′-terephthaloylbislaurolactam, or N,N′-isophthaloylbisbutyrolactam.
7 . The flame retardant and stabilizer combined as claimed in claim 1 , wherein component B is at least one carbonylbislactam of the formula
where n=from 3 to 15.
8 . The flame retardant and stabilizer combined as claimed in claim 1 , wherein component B is at least one bisoxazoline or bisoxazine of the formula
where X=a bivalent group, and where X gives a 5-membered ring or 6-membered ring for bisoxazolines and, respectively, bisoxazines, and where D is a bivalent organic group and n is 0 or 1.
9 . The flame retardant and stabilizer combined as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the anhydrides of polybasic carboxylic acids are low-molecular-weight bisanhydrides or maleic-anhydride-grafted polymers.
10 . The flame retardant and stabilizer combined as claimed claim 8 , wherein X is an ethylene group, a substituted ethylene group, a trimethylene group, or a substituted trimethylene group.
11 . The flame retardant and stabilizer combined as claimed in claim 10 , wherein the ethylene group is substituted with at least one methyl, ethyl, hexyl, alkylhexyl, nonyl, phenyl, naphthyl, diphenyl, or cyclohexyl group.
12 . The flame retardant and stabilizer combined as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the bisoxazolines or bisoxazines is 2,2′-bis(2-oxazoline), 2,2′-bis(4-methyl-2-oxazoline), 2,2′-bis(4-phenyl-2-oxazoline), 2,2′-bis(4-hexyloxazoline), 2,2′-p- or m-phenylenebis(2-oxazoline), 2,2′-tetramethylenebis(4,4′-dimethyl-2-oxazoline), or corresponding oxazines.
13 . The flame retardant and stabilizer combined as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising, as component C, at least one compound selected from the group consisting of melamine phosphate, dimelamine phosphate, melamine pyrophosphate, melamine polyphosphates, melam polyphosphates, melem polyphosphates, and melon polyphosphates.
14 . The flame retardant and stabilizer combined as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising, as component C, at least one melamine condensate.
15 . The flame retardant and stabilizer combined as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising, as component C, at least one compound selected from the group consisting of oligomeric esters of tris(hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate with aromatic polycarboxylic acids, benzoguanamine, tris(hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate, allantoin, glycoluril, melamine, melamine cyanurate, dicyandiamide and guanidine.
16 . The flame retardant and stabilizer combined as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising, as component C, at least one nitrogen-containing phosphate of the formulae (NH 4 ) y H 3-y PO 4 or (NH 4 PO 3 ) z , where y is from 1 to 3 and z is from 1 to 10 000.
17 . The flame retardant and stabilizer combined as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising, as component C, at least one nitrogen compound of the formulae (III) to (VIII),
where
R 5 to R 7 are hydrogen, C 1 -C8-alkyl, C 5 -C 16 -cycloalkyl or -alkylcycloalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted with a hydroxy function or with a C 1 -C4-hydroxyalkyl function; C 2 -C8alkenyl: C 1 -C 8 -alkoxy, -acyl, or -acyloxy; C 6 -C 12 -aryl or -arylalkyl; —OR 8 or —N(R 8 )R 9 , including systems of alicyclic-N or aromatic-N type,
R 8 is hydrogen, C 1 -C 8 -alkyl, C 5 -C 16 -cycloalkyl or -alkylcycloalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted with a hydroxy function or with a C 1 -C 4 -hydroxyalkyl function, C 2 -C 8 -alkenyl, C 1 -C 8 -alkoxy, -acyl, or -acyloxy, or C 6 -Cl 2 -aryl or -arylalkyl,
R 9 to R 13 are the groups of R 8 , or —O—R 8 ,
m and n, independently of one another, are 1, 2, 3, or 4,
X is an acid which form adducts with triazine compounds (III).
18 . The flame retardant and stabilizer combined as claimed in further comprising, as component D, at least one of a synthetic inorganic compound or a mineral product.
19 . The flame retardant and stabilizer combined as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising, as component D, at least one of an oxygen compound of silicon, a magnesium compound, a metal carbonate of metals of the second main group of the periodic table of the elements, red phosphorus, a zinc compound, or an aluminum compound.
20 . The flame retardant and stabilizer combined as claimed in claim 18 , wherein the oxygen compound of silicon are selected from the group consisting of a salt or ester of orthosilicic acid and condensation products thereof, silicates, zeolites, and silicas, glass powder, glass/ceramic powder, and ceramic powder.
21 . The flame retardant and stabilizer combined as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising at least one carbodiimide.
22 . A plastic molding composition, comprising a polyester or polyamide and a flame retardant and stabilizer as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the polyester or polyamide is present in an amount from 5 to 98% by weight, component A from 1 to 50% by weight and component B from 0.01 to 10% by weight, the entirety of the components by weight giving 100% by weight.
23 . The plastic molding composition as claimed in claim 22 , comprising from 3 to 40% by weight of component A, from 0.1 to 5% by weight of component B, and from 40 to 98% by weight of the polyester or polyamide.
24 . The plastic molding composition as claimed in claim 22 , comprising from 5 to 30% by weight of component A, from 0.1 to 3% by weight of component and from 60 to 90% by weight of the polyester or polyamide.
25 . The flame retardant and stabilizer combined as claimed in claim 1 , wherein M is Ca, Mg, Al or Zn.
26 . The flame retardant and stabilizer combined as claimed in claim 1 , wherein m is 2 or 3.
27 . The flame retardant and stabilizer combined as claimed in claim 1 , wherein n is 1 to 3.
28 . The flame retardant and stabilizer combined as claimed in claim 1 , wherein x is 1 or 2.
29 . The flame retardant and stabilizer combined as claimed in claim 1 , wherein component B is N,N′-carbonylbiscaprolactam.
30 . The flame retardant and stabilizer combined as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the bivalent group is an alkylene, arylene, cycloalkylene, or aralkylene group.
31 . The flame retardant and stabilizer combined as claimed in claim 10 , wherein the trimethylene group is substituted with at least one methyl, ethyl, hexyl, alkylhexyl, nonyl, phenyl, naphthyl, diphenyl, or cyclohexyl group.
32 . The flame retardant and stabilizer combined as claimed in claim 14 , wherein the melamine condensate is melam, melem or melon.
33 . The flame retardant and stabilizer combined as claimed in claim 18 , wherein the magnesium compound is selected from the group consisting of magnesium hydroxide, magnesium hydrotalcites, magnesium carbonates and magnesium calcium carbonates.
34 . The flame retardant and stabilizer combined as claimed in claim 18 , wherein the zinc compound is selected from the group consisting of zinc oxide, zinc stannate, zinc hydroxystannate, zinc phosphate, zinc borate, and zinc sulfides.
35 . The flame retardant and stabilizer combined as claimed in claim 18 , wherein the aluminum compound is selected from the group consisting of aluminum hydroxide and aluminum phosphate.