Nitinol alloy design for improved mechanical stability and broader superelastic operating window
A nickel-titanium alloy having a large, superelastic operating temperature window or range. The nickel-titanium alloy includes at least an additional element such as platinum, palladium, manganese, boron, aluminum, tungsten, and/or zirconium. When processed through heat treat and area reduction steps, the resultant alloy exhibits a wide superelastic temperature operating window if the characteristics of the alloy when plotted on a temperature versus stress curve can be expressed as UP=(0.66 ksi/° C.)(T)+σ 0 , with R 2 ≧0.98, wherein σ 0 is the upper plateau stress of the alloy at about 0° C., R 2 is the coefficient of determination, and UP is the upper plateau stress of the alloy.
1 . A nickel-titanium alloy component having a wide superelastic operating temperature range ΔT in which stress-induced martensite can appear in the alloy, comprising:
an alloy of nickel, titanium, and at least one additional element;
wherein the alloy includes an upper plateau stress UP defined by UP=about (0.66 ksi/° C.)(T)+σ 0 ;
wherein T is a test temperature of the alloy under mechanical stress;
wherein σ 0 is the upper plateau stress of the alloy at about 0° C.; and
wherein the temperature range ΔT is greater than about 80° C.
2 . The nickel-titanium alloy component of claim 1 , wherein UP=about (0.66 ksi/° C.)(T)+σ 0 with R 2 ≧ about 0.98.
3 . The nickel-titanium alloy component of claim 1 , wherein ΔT is about 100-140° C.
4 . The nickel-titanium alloy component of claim 1 , wherein a temperature T within the wide superelastic operating temperature range ΔT is defined by A s ≦T≦M d .
5 . The nickel-titanium alloy component of claim 1 , wherein a temperature T within the wide superelastic operating temperature range ΔT is defined by A f ≦T≦M d .
6 . The nickel-titanium alloy component of claim 1 , wherein the alloy includes about 38-70 at. % nickel, about 30-52 at. % titanium, and about 1-10 at. % of a ternary element selected from the group consisting of platinum, palladium, manganese, boron, aluminum, and zirconium.
7 . The nickel-titanium alloy component of claim 1 , wherein the alloy includes about 38-70 at. % nickel, about 30-52 at. % titanium, about 1-5 at. % of a ternary element, and about 1-5 at. % of a quaternary element selected from the group consisting of platinum, palladium, manganese, boron, aluminum, tungsten, and zirconium.
8 . The nickel-titanium alloy component of claim 1 , wherein the alloy includes about 38-70 at. % nickel, about 30-52 at. % titanium, and about 3-10 at. % of at least one of platinum, palladium, and tungsten.
9 . The nickel-titanium alloy component of claim 1 , wherein the alloy further comprises a tubular form suitable as an embolic filter having a diameter of about 0.020-0.040 inch in an unexpanded state and a wall thickness of about 0.003-0.006 inch.
10 . The nickel-titanium alloy component of claim 1 , wherein the alloy further comprises an implantable tubular form suitable as a stent having a diameter of about 1-32 mm and a length of about 4-150 mm.
11 . The nickel-titanium alloy component of claim 1 , wherein the alloy further comprises a wire form having a diameter of about 0.014-0.035 inch.
12 . A process for producing a nickel-titanium alloy having a wide superelastic operating temperature range ΔT in which stress-induced martensite can appear in the alloy, comprising:
alloying nickel, titanium, and at least a ternary element to create an ingot;
cold working and annealing to create a first shape;
deforming the first shape to a second shape;
heating the second shape to a temperature above M d ;
cold working and heat treating the second shape so that the alloy includes an upper plateau stress UP defined by UP=about 0.66(ksi/° C.)(T)+σ 0 ;
wherein T is a test temperature of the alloy under mechanical stress;
wherein σ 0 is the upper plateau stress of the alloy at about 0° C.; and
wherein the temperature range ΔT≧ about 80° C.
13 . A process of claim 12 , wherein UP=about 0.66(ksi/° C.)(T)+σ 0 with R 2 ≧ about 0.98.
14 . A process of claim 12 , wherein all temperatures T within the wide superelastic operating temperature range ΔT are defined by at least one of A s ≦T≦M d and A f ≦T≦M d .
15 . A process of claim 12 , wherein the wide superelastic operating temperature range ΔT is about 100-140° C.
16 . A process of claim 12 , wherein the second shape includes at least one of a wire, a tube, and a sheet.
17 . A nickel-titanium alloy for medical device applications having a wide superelastic operating temperature range ΔT, comprising:
an alloy of nickel, titanium, and a ternary element;
wherein the alloy includes an upper plateau stress UP defined by UP=about (0.66 ksi/° C.)(T)+σ 0 with R 2 ≧ about 0.98;
wherein T is a test temperature of the alloy under mechanical stress;
wherein σ 0 is the upper plateau stress of the alloy at about 0° C.; and
wherein the wide operating temperature range ΔT≧ about 100° C.
18 . The nickel-titanium alloy of claim 17 , wherein the alloy includes an M d of about 100° C.
19 . The nickel-titanium alloy of claim 17 , wherein 120≦ΔT≦140° C.
20 . The nickel-titanium alloy of claim 17 , wherein 130≦ΔT≦140° C.
21 . The nickel-titanium alloy of claim 17 , wherein the ternary element is selected from the group of elements consisting of platinum and palladium.
22 . The nickel-titanium alloy of claim 17 , wherein the alloy further comprises a tubular shape having openings therethrough forming a strut pattern.