Fuel cell system with independent reformer temperature control
A fuel cell system includes a plurality of fuel cell stacks, a plurality of reformers, and a plurality of combustors. Each reformer is adapted to reform a hydrocarbon fuel to a hydrogen containing reaction product and to provide the reaction product to at least one of the plurality of the fuel cell stacks. Each combustor is thermally integrated with at least one of the plurality of the reformers. The system also includes an independent fuel feed conduit provided into each combustor and one or more control devices adapted to independently control an amount of fuel being provided to each combustor through each fuel feed conduit to independently control a temperature of each combustor.
1 . A fuel cell system, comprising:
a plurality of fuel cell stacks;
a plurality of reformers, wherein each reformer is adapted to reform a hydrocarbon fuel to a hydrogen containing reaction product and to provide the reaction product to at least one of the plurality of the fuel cell stacks;
a plurality of combustors, wherein each combustor is thermally integrated with at least one of the plurality of the reformers;
an independent fuel feed conduit provided into each combustor; and
one or more control devices adapted to independently control an amount of fuel being provided to each combustor through each fuel feed conduit to independently control a temperature of each combustor.
2 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of the fuel cell stacks comprise solid oxide fuel cell stacks.
3 . The system of claim 2 , wherein the one or more control devices comprise one or more flow controllers that are adapted to control fuel flow into each fuel feed conduit.
4 . The system of claim 3 , wherein the one or more control devices comprise:
a flow controller located in each of the plurality of the fuel feed conduits; and
a control system adapted to control the flow controllers.
5 . The system of claim 4 , wherein the control system comprises a computer.
6 . The system of claim 1 , wherein independent control of a temperature of each combustor provides independent control of a temperature of each thermally integrated reformer.
7 . The system of claim 6 , wherein independent control of a temperature of each reformer provides independent control of a temperature of each stack which is adapted to receive the reaction product from each temperature controlled reformer.
8 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the cathode exhaust of each stack is operatively connected to an inlet of at least one combustor.
9 . The system of claim 1 , wherein each reformer is thermally integrated with at least one of the plurality of stacks.
10 . The system of claim 9 , wherein each reformer is thermally integrated with one of the plurality of stacks.
11 . The system of claim 9 , wherein a cathode exhaust of each stack is adapted to heat at least one reformer.
12 . The system of claim 9 , wherein each reformer is located between one of the plurality of combustors and one of the plurality of stacks.
13 . The system of claim 1 , wherein each combustor is thermally integrated with one of the plurality of the reformers.
14 . The system of claim 1 , wherein each combustor is thermally integrated with two of the plurality of the reformers.
15 . A fuel cell system, comprising:
a plurality of fuel cell stacks;
a plurality of reformers, wherein each reformer is adapted to reform a hydrocarbon fuel to a hydrogen containing reaction product and to provide the reaction product to at least one of the plurality of the fuel cell stacks;
a plurality of combustors, wherein each combustor is thermally integrated with at least one of the plurality of the reformers;
an independent fuel feed conduit provided into each combustor; and
a first means for independently controlling an amount of fuel provided to each combustor through each fuel feed conduit to independently control a temperature of each combustor.
16 . The system of claim 15 , wherein the plurality of the fuel cell stacks comprise solid oxide fuel cell stacks.
17 . The system of claim 16 , wherein the first means is also a means for independently controlling a temperature of each reformer that is thermally integrated with each combustor whose temperature is being independently controlled by the first means.
18 . The system of claim 17 , wherein the first means is also a means for independently controlling a temperature of each stack that is adapted to receive the reaction product from each reformer whose temperature is being independently controlled by the first means.
19 . The system of claim 15 , wherein each reformer is thermally integrated with at least one of the plurality of stacks.
20 . The system of claim 19 , wherein each reformer is thermally integrated with one of a plurality of stacks.
21 . The system of claim 19 , wherein the cathode exhaust of each stack is adapted to heat at least one reformer.
22 . The system of claim 19 , wherein each reformer is located between one of the plurality of combustors and one of the plurality of stacks.
23 . The system of claim 15 , wherein the cathode exhaust of each stack is operatively connected to an inlet of at least on combustor.
24 . The system of claim 15 , wherein each combustor is thermally integrated with one of the plurality of the reformers.
25 . The system of claim 15 , wherein each combustor is thermally integrated with two of the plurality of the reformers.
26 . A method of operating a fuel cell system, comprising:
providing a hydrocarbon fuel to a plurality of reformers;
reforming the hydrocarbon fuel to a hydrogen containing reaction product in each of the plurality of reformers;
providing the reaction product from each reformer to one least one of a plurality of the fuel cell stacks;
providing a fuel and an oxidizer to a plurality of combustors to generate heat in the combustors;
providing the heat from each combustor to at least one of the plurality of reformers; and
independently controlling an amount of fuel provided to each combustor to independently control a temperature of each combustor.
27 . The method of claim 26 , wherein the plurality of the fuel cell stacks comprise solid oxide fuel cell stacks.
28 . The method of claim 26 , further comprising independently controlling a temperature of each reformer that is thermally integrated with each combustor whose temperature is being independently controlled.
29 . The method of claim 28 , further comprising independently controlling a temperature of each stack that receives the reaction product from each reformer whose temperature is being independently controlled.
30 . The method of claim 26 , wherein the step of independently controlling an amount of fuel provided to each combustor comprises independently controlling a plurality of flow valves using a computer.
31 . The method of claim 30 , further comprising detecting a temperature of each one of the plurality of stacks and independently adjusting the temperature of a first of the plurality of stacks to a desired temperature by independently adjusting a flow of fuel to a first combustor which is thermally integrated with a first reformer which provides the reaction product to the first stack.
32 . The method of claim 26 , wherein each reformer is thermally integrated with at least one of a plurality of stacks.
33 . The method of claim 32 , wherein each reformer is thermally integrated with one of the plurality of stacks.
34 . The method of claim 32 , further comprising heating at least one of the plurality of the reformers using a cathode exhaust of at least one of the plurality of the stacks.
35 . The method of claim 32 , wherein each reformer is located between one of the plurality of combustors and one of the plurality of stacks.
36 . The method of claim 26 , wherein each combustor is thermally integrated with one of the plurality of the reformers.
37 . The method of claim 26 , wherein each combustor is thermally integrated with two of the plurality of the reformers.
38 . The method of claim 26 , wherein the oxidizer provided into each combustor comprises a cathode exhaust of at least one of the plurality of the stacks.