Methods for the identification of inhibitors of adenylosuccinate synthase as antibiotics
The present inventors have discovered that adenylosuccinate synthase is essential for normal fungal pathogenicity. Specifically, the inhibition of adenylosuccinate synthase gene expression in fungi results in drastically reduced pathogenicity. Thus, adenylosuccinate synthase can be used as a target for the identification of antibiotics, preferably antifungals. Accordingly, the present invention provides methods for the identification of compounds that inhibit adenylosuccinate synthase expression or activity. The methods of the invention are useful for the identification of antibiotics, preferably antifungals.
1 . A method for identifying a test compound as a candidate for an antibiotic, comprising:
a) contacting a polypeptide with a test compound, wherein said polypeptide is selected from the group consisting of:
i) a non-fungal adenylosuccinate synthase polypeptide;
ii) a fungal adenylosuccinate synthase polypeptide,
iii) a Magnaporthe adenylosuccinate synthase polypeptide;
iv) SEQ ID NO:3;
v) a polypeptide consisting essentially of SEQ ID NO:3;
vi) a polypeptide having at least ten consecutive amino acids of SEQ ID NO:3;
vii) a polypeptide having at least 50% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO:3 and at least 10% of the activity of SEQ ID NO:3; and
viii) a polypeptide consisting of at least 50 amino acids having at least 50% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO:3 and at least 10% of the activity of SEQ ID NO:3; and
b) detecting the presence or absence of binding between the test compound and the adenylosuccinate synthase polypeptide, wherein binding indicates that the test compound is a candidate for an antibiotic.
2 . A method for identifying a test compound as a candidate for an antibiotic, comprising:
a) contacting GTP, IMP, and L-aspartate with a polypeptide in the presence and absence of a test compound or contacting GDP, phosphate, and N6-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-AMP with an adenylosuccinate synthase in the presence and absence of a test compound, wherein said polypeptide is selected from the group consisting of:
i) a non-fungal adenylosuccinate synthase polypeptide;
ii) a fungal adenylosuccinate synthase polypeptide,
iii) a Magnaporthe adenylosuccinate synthase polypeptide;
iv) SEQ ID NO:3;
v) a polypeptide consisting essentially of SEQ ID NO:3;
vi) a polypeptide having at least ten consecutive amino acids of SEQ ID NO:3;
vii) a polypeptide having at least 50% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO:3 and at least 10% of the activity of SEQ ID NO:3; and
viii) a polypeptide consisting of at least 50 amino acids having at least 50% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO:3 and at least 10% of the activity of SEQ ID NO:3; and
b) determining a concentration for at least one of GTP, IMP, L-aspartate, GDP, phosphate, and/or N6-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-AMP in the presence and absence of the test compound,
wherein a change in the concentration for any of GTP, IMP, L-aspartate, GDP, phosphate, and/or N6-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-AMP indicates that the test compound is a candidate for an antibiotic.
3 . A method for identifying a test compound as a candidate for an antibiotic, comprising:
a) measuring the expression of an adenylosuccinate synthase in an organism, or a cell or tissue thereof, in the presence and absence of a test compound; and
b) comparing the expression of the adenylosuccinate synthase in the presence and absence of the test compound, wherein an altered expression in the presence of the test compound indicates that the test compound is a candidate for an antibiotic.
4 . The method of claim 3 , wherein the organism is a fungus.
5 . The method of claim 3 , wherein the organism is Magnaporthe.
6 . The method of claim 3 , wherein the adenylosuccinate synthase is SEQ ID NO:3.
7 . The method of claim 3 , wherein the expression of the adenylosuccinate synthase is measured by at least one of the following methods: detecting the adenylosuccinate synthase mRNA, detecting the adenylosuccinate synthase polypeptide, and detecting the adenylosuccinate synthase polypeptide enzyme activity.
8 . A method for identifying a test compound as a candidate for an antibiotic comprising:
a) providing a fungal organism having a first form of an adenylosuccinate synthase;
b) providing a fungal organism having a second form of the adenylosuccinate synthase, wherein one of the first or the second form of the adenylosuccinate synthase has at least 10% of the activity of SEQ ID NO:3; and
c) determining the growth of the organism having the first form of the adenylosuccinate synthase and the organism having the second form of the adenylosuccinate synthase in the presence of a test compound,
wherein a difference in growth between the two organisms in the presence of the test compound indicates that the test compound is a candidate for an antibiotic.
9 . The method of claim 8 , wherein the fungal organism having the first form of the adenylosuccinate synthase and the fungal organism having the second form of the adenylosuccinate synthase are Magnaporthe;
wherein the first form of the adenylosuccinate synthase is selected from the group consisting of: fungal adenylosuccinate synthases, SEQ ID NO: 1, and SEQ ID NO:2; and
wherein the second form of the adenylosuccinate synthase is selected from the group consisting of: fungal adenylosuccinate synthases, SEQ ID NO:1, and SEQ ID NO:2, a heterologous adenylosuccinate synthase, SEQ ID NO: 1 comprising a transposon insertion that reduces or abolishes adenylosuccinate synthase activity, and SEQ ID NO:2 comprising a transposon insertion that reduces or abolishes adenylosuccinate synthase activity.
10 . A method for identifying a test compound as a candidate for an antibiotic, comprising:
a) providing a fungal organism having a first form of an adenylosuccinate synthase;
b) providing a fungal organism having a second form of the adenylosuccinate synthase, wherein one of the first or the second form of the adenylosuccinate synthase has at least 10% of the activity of SEQ ID NO:3; and
c) determining the pathogenicity of the organism having the first form of the adenylosuccinate synthase and the organism having the second form of a adenylosuccinate synthase in the presence of a test compound,
wherein a difference in pathogenicity between the two organisms in the presence of the test compound indicates that the test compound is a candidate for an antibiotic.
11 . The method of claim 10 , wherein the fungal organism having the first form of the adenylosuccinate synthase and the fungal organism having the second form of the adenylosuccinate synthase are Magnaporthe;
wherein the first form of the adenylosuccinate synthase is selected from the group consisting of: fungal adenylosuccinate synthases, SEQ ID NO:1, and SEQ ID NO:2; and
wherein the second form of the adenylosuccinate synthase is selected from the group consisting of: fungal adenylosuccinate synthases, SEQ ID NO:1, and SEQ ID NO:2, a heterologous adenylosuccinate synthase, SEQ ID NO: 1 comprising a transposon insertion that reduces or abolishes adenylosuccinate synthase activity, and SEQ ID NO:2 comprising a transposon insertion that reduces or abolishes adenylosuccinate synthase activity.
12 . A method for identifying a test compound as a candidate for an antibiotic, comprising:
a) providing a fungal organism having a first form of a gene in the purine biosynthetic pathway;
b) providing a fungal organism having a second form of said gene in the purine biosynthetic pathway, wherein one of the first or the second form of the gene has at least 10% of the activity of a corresponding Magnaportha grisea gene; and
c) determining the growth of the organism having the first form of the gene and the organism having the second form of the gene in the presence of a test compound,
wherein a difference in growth between the two organisms in the presence of the test compound indicates that the test compound is a candidate for an antibiotic.
13 . The method of claim 12 , wherein the fungal organism having the first form of the gene and the fungal organism having the second form of the gene are Magnaporthe and
i) the first form of the gene in the purine biosynthetic pathway is Magnaporthe grisea phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase and
the second form of the gene is selected from the group consisting of: a heterologous phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase and Magnaporthe grisea phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase comprising a transposon insertion that reduces or abolishes phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase protein activity or
ii) the first form of the gene in the purine biosynthetic pathway is Magnaporthe grisea adenylosuccinate lyase and
the second form of the gene is selected from the group consisting of: a heterologous adenylosuccinate lyase and Magnaporthe grisea adenylosuccinate lyase comprising a transposon insertion that reduces or abolishes adenylosuccinate lyase protein activity.
14 . A method for identifying a test compound as a candidate for an antibiotic, comprising:
a) providing a fungal organism having a first form of a gene in the purine biosynthetic pathway;
b) providing a fungal organism having a second form of said gene in the purine biosynthetic pathway, wherein one of the first or the second form of the gene has at least 10% of the activity of a corresponding Magnaportha grisea gene; and
c) determining the pathogenicity of the organism having the first form of the gene and the organism having the second form of the gene in the presence of a test compound,
wherein a difference in pathogenicity between the organism and the comparison organism in the presence of the test compound indicates that the test compound is a candidate for an antibiotic.
15 . The method of claim 14 , wherein the fungal organism having the first form of the gene and the fungal organism having the second form of the gene are Magnaporthe and
i) the first form of the gene in the purine biosynthetic pathway is Magnaporthe grisea phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase, and
the second form of the gene is selected from the group consisting of: a heterologous phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase and Magnaporthe grisea phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase comprising a transposon insertion that reduces or abolishes phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase protein activity or
ii) the first form of the gene in the purine biosynthetic pathway is Magnaporthe grisea adenylosuccinate lyase and the second form of the gene is selected from the group consisting of: a heterologous adenylosuccinate lyase and Magnaporthe grisea adenylosuccinate lyase comprising a transposon insertion that reduces or abolishes adenylosuccinate lyase protein activity.
16 . A method for identifying a test compound as a candidate for an antibiotic, comprising:
a) providing paired growth media containing a test compound, wherein the paired growth media comprise a first medium and a second medium and the second medium contains a higher level of adenine than the first medium;
b) inoculating the first and the second medium with an organism; and
c) determining the growth of the organism, wherein a difference in growth of the organism between the first and second medium indicates that the test compound is a candidate for an antibiotic.
17 . The method of claim 16 , wherein the organism is a fungus.
18 . The method of claim 16 , wherein the organism is Magnaporthe .