Bacterial test method by glycated label binding
A method for measuring the bacteria content of fluids such as urine and blood, in which a glycoprotein or glycopeptide is attached to the bacteria and a label attached to or inherent to the glycoprotein or glycopeptide provides a means for determining the amount of bacteria present. A preferred glycoprotein is alkaline phosphatase, which is an enzyme capable of attaching to all bacteria present in the fluid sample and inherently includes a label moiety in that color can be developed by addition of known reagents.
1 . A method for measuring the bacteria content of fluids comprising:
a. binding an effective amount of a glycoprotein or glycopeptide with bacteria contained in a sample of fluid, said glycoprotein or glycopeptide having a binding constant to bacteria of at least 10 6 and at least 100 binding sites, said glycoprotein or glycopeptide consisting of proteins or peptides linked through nitrogen or oxygen bonds to glycosidic groups selected from the group consisting of Gal, GlcNAc, SA, Man, Glc, GalNAc and combinations thereof.
b. separating excess unbound glycoprotein or glycopeptide from said fluid sample after reacting said glycoprotein or glycopeptide with bacteria in said sample in step (a);
c. measuring the amount of said glycoprotein or glycopeptide remaining after separating said excess unbound glycoprotein or glycopeptide in step (b) by detecting a label added to said glycoprotein or glycopeptide before the binding with bacteria or adding a label after separating said excess unbound glycoprotein or glycopeptide; and
d. determining the bacteria content of said sample as related to the amount of said label measured in step (c).
2 . The method of claim 1 wherein said glycoprotein or glycopeptide is at least one member of the group consisting of serum proteins, immunoglobulins, oxygen binding proteins, intra cellular enzymes, secreted enzymes, and inhibitors.
3 . The method of claim 1 wherein said glycoprotein or glycopeptide comprises sialic acid.
4 . The method of claim 2 wherein said glycoprotein is a serum protein selected from the group consisting of albumin, prealbumin, transferrin, retinol binding protein, bikunin, uristatin, alpha-1-Glycoprotein, alpha-1-antitrypsin, Tamm-Horsfall protein, beta-2-glycoprotein and fragments thereof.
5 . The method of claim 2 wherein said glycoprotein is an immunoglobulin selected from the group consisting of IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD, and gG.
6 . The method of claim 2 wherein said glycoprotein is a secreted enzyme or inhibitor selected from the group consisting of protease inhibitors, alpha-1-microglobulin, typsinogen, lysozyme, and alpha-1-acid glycoprotein.
7 . The method of claim 2 wherein said glycoprotein or glycopeptide is an enzyme selected from the group consisting of alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, fucosidase, mannosidase, hexamimidase, alpha-galactosidase, phospholipase, hyaluronidase, glucocerebrosidase, hydrolase, arylsulfatase A, amylases, cellobiohydrolase, and peroxidase.
8 . The method of claim 7 wherein said enzyme is alkaline phosphatase (ALP).
9 . The method of claim 8 wherein said ALP is intestinal ALP.
10 . The method of claim 1 wherein said glycoprotein or glycopeptide is teichoic acid or lipoteichoic acid.
11 . The method of claim 1 wherein said glycoprotein or glycopeptide has a label selected from the group consisting of colorimetric, radioactive, fluorescent, electroactive, chemi-luminescent, enzyme, antibody, and particulate labels.
12 . The method of claim 11 wherein said label is a particle selected from the group consisting of latex beads, gold sols, and antibodies.
13 . The method of claim 12 wherein said label is a particle selected from the group consisting of antibodies to the glycoprotein with or without conjugation to particles, enzymes, and gold sols.
14 . The method of claim 1 wherein said label is comassie brilliant blue.
15 . The method of claim 1 further comprising adding to said sample blocking compounds selected from the group consisting of polymers, non-glycated proteins, non-glycated polypeptides, and polysaccharides.
16 . The method of claim 1 further comprising at least one cation capable of increasing the binding of said glycoprotein or glycopeptide to bacteria.
17 . The method of claim 16 wherein said cation is at least one member of the group consisting of zinc, copper, iron, and cobalt.
18 . The method of claim 17 wherein said cation is zinc.
19 . A method of measuring the bacteria content of fluids comprising;
(a) binding an effective amount of a glycoprotein or glycopeptide with bacteria contained in a sample of fluid, said glycoprotein or glycopeptide consisting of at least one member of the group consisting of albumin, prealbumin, bikunin, uristatin, Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein, alpha-1-Antitrypsin, Transferrin, Retinol Binding Protein, alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, beta-2-Glycoprotein, and IgG, IgA, IgM, and their fragments;
(b) separating excess unbound glycoprotein or glycopeptide from said fluid sample after reacting said glycoprotein or glycopeptide with bacteria in (a);
(c) measuring the amount of said glycoprotein or glycopeptide remaining after separating said excess unbound glycoprotein or glycopeptide in (b) by detecting a label added to said glycoprotein or glycopeptide before binding with bacteria or adding a label after separating said excess unbound glycoprotein or glycopeptide; and
(d) determining the bacteria context of said sample as related to the amount of said label measured in (c).
20 . A method of claim 19 wherein said separating of (b) is carried out by centrifuging or filtration.
21 . A method of claim 1 wherein said glycoprotein or glycopeptide is a member of the group of lectins consisting of Bauhimia Purpurea, Maackia Amurensis , Concanavalin A, and Caragana Arborescens.