Negatively charged membrane
The present invention provides, in certain embodiments, a negatively charged microporous membrane comprising a porous substrate and a crosslinked coating having fixed negative charges. The crosslinked coating can be prepared, e.g., from a polymerized composition comprising an unsaturated monomer having an anionic group, an N-(hydroxymethyl)- and/or N-(alkoxymethyl)-acrylamide, a hydrophilic unsaturated monomer, and an initiator. The present invention further provides, in some embodiments, a negatively charged microporous membrane comprising a porous substrate and a crosslinked coating prepared from a polymerized composition comprising an unsaturated monomer having an anionic group, an N-(hydroxymethyl)- or N-(alkoxymethyl)-acrylamide, a polysaccharide, and an initiator. The membranes of the present invention are suitable for use in ion exchange chromatography, for example, in the separation and purification of positively charged species such as proteins.
1. A fluid treatment element comprising a plurality of negatively charged microporous membranes, each negatively charged microporous membrane comprising a porous substrate and a crosslinked coating having pendant negatively charged groups, wherein the crosslinked coating is prepared from a polymerized composition comprising an unsaturated monomer having a negatively charged group, at least one N-(hydroxyalkyl)- or N-(alkoxyalkyl)- acrylamide, and a hydrophilic unsaturated monomer.
2. The element of claim 1 , wherein the negatively charged microporous membranes comprise pleated membranes.
3. The element of claim 2 , having a hollow, generally cylindrical form.
4. The element of claim 1 , having a hollow, generally cylindrical form.
5. The element of claim 1 , wherein the hydrophilic unsaturated monomer is nonionic.
6. The element of claim 5 , wherein the unsaturated monomer is an acrylic monomer having a sulfonic or carboxylic acid group.
7. The element of claim 5 , wherein the hydrophilic unsaturated monomer is an acrylic monomer.
8. The element of claim 1 , wherein the N-(hydroxyalkyl)- or N-(alkoxyalkyl)-acrylamide includes an alkyl group of 4 carbon atoms or less.
9. The element of claim 1 , wherein the negatively charged group is a sulfonic or carboxylic acid.
10. The element of claim 1 , wherein the coating is prepared from a composition that further includes an initiator.
11. A fluid treatment device comprising a housing comprising at least one inlet and at least one outlet and defining a fluid flow path between the inlet and the outlet, and, interposed between the inlet and the outlet and across the fluid flow path, a plurality of negatively charged microporous membranes, each negatively charged microporous membrane comprising a porous substrate and a crosslinked coating having pendant negatively charged groups, wherein the crosslinked coating is prepared from a polymerized composition comprising an unsaturated monomer having an anionic group, at least one N-(hydroxyalkyl)- or N-(alkoxyalkyl)-acrylamide, and a hydrophilic unsaturated monomer.
12. The device of claim 11 , wherein the negatively charged microporous membranes comprise pleated membranes.
13. The device of claim 11 , including a fluid treatment element having a hollow, generally cylindrical form, wherein the fluid treatment element comprises the negatively charged microporous membranes.
14. The device of claim 13 , wherein the plurality of negatively charged microporous membranes comprise pleated membranes.
15. The device of claim 11 , wherein the hydrophilic unsaturated monomer is nonionic.
16. The device of claim 15 , wherein the hydrophilic unsaturated monomer is an acrylic monomer.
17. The device of claim 11 , wherein the N-(hydroxyalkyl)- or N-(alkoxyalkyl)-acrylamide includes an alkyl group of 4 carbon atoms or less.
18. The device of claim 11 , wherein the negatively charged group is a sulfonic or carboxylic acid.
19. The device of claim 11 , wherein the coating is prepared from a composition that further includes an initiator.
20. The device of claim 15 , wherein the unsaturated monomer is an acrylic monomer having a sulfonic or carboxylic acid group.
21. A fluid treatment element comprising a plurality of negatively charged microporous membranes, each negatively charged microporous membrane comprising a porous substrate and a crosslinked coating having pendant negatively charged groups, wherein the crosslinked coating comprises amide-ester and amide-amide crosslinks.
22. The element of claim 21 , wherein the negatively charged microporous membranes comprise pleated membranes.
23. The element of claim 21 , having a hollow, generally cylindrical form.
24. A fluid treatment device comprising a housing comprising at least one inlet and at least one outlet and defining a fluid flow path between the inlet and the outlet, and, interposed between the inlet and the outlet and across the fluid flow path, a plurality of negatively charged microporous membranes, each negatively charged microporous membrane comprising a porous substrate and a crosslinked coating having pendant negatively charged groups, wherein the crosslinked coating comprises amide-ester and amide-amide crosslinks.