Method of electrolytic deposition of an intrinsically conductive polymer upon a non-conductive substrate

1. A capacitor formed by the method comprising:

forming an oxide layer on a valve metal;

contacting said oxide layer with a solution comprising a monomer precursor of the polymer of Formula I:

wherein:

X is S, Se or N;

R 1 and R 2 are not hydrogen;

and a compound of Formula II:

R 4 —OSO 3 Na  FORMULA II

wherein R 4 is a C 3 -C 20 linear or branched alkyl; and

polymerizing said monomer.

2. A capacitor formed by the method of

forming a valve metal into a shape to form an anode;

contacting said anode with an oxidizing solution to form a dielectric layer on said anode;

forming a discontinuous seed layer on said dielectric layer to form a mixed oxide surface;

contacting said mixed oxide surface with an aqueous solution comprising a monomer precursor to the polymer of Formula I:

wherein R 1 and R 2 independently represent hydrogen, linear or branched C 1 -C 16 alkyl or C 2 -C 18 alkoxyalkyl; or are C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl, phenyl or benzyl which are unsubstituted or substituted by C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 1 -C 6 alkoxy or halogen; or R 1 and R 2 , taken together, are linear C 1 -C 6 alkylene which is unsubstituted or substituted by C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, halogen, C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl, phenyl, benzyl, C 1 -C 4 alkylphenyl, C 1 -C 4 alkoxyphenyl, halophenyl, C 1 -C 4 alkylbenzyl, C 1 -C 4 alkoxybenzyl or halobenzyl, 5-, 6-, or 7-membered heterocyclic structure containing two oxygen elements;

and a compound of Formula II:

R 3 —OSO 3 Na  FORMULA II

wherein R 3 is a C 3 -C 20 linear or branched alkyl; and

electrolytically depositing and polymerizing said monomer from said solution to said mixed oxide surface.

3. A capacitor comprising:

an anode;

a dielectric oxide layer coated on said anode;

a plurality of conductive islands coated on said dielectric oxide layer;

an organic conductive cathode coated on said dielectric layer and said conductive islands wherein said organic conductive cathode comprises a polymer formed by the electrolytic polymerization of:

wherein:

X is S, Se or N wherein said R 1 and R 2 are taken together to form O—CH 2 CH 2 —O.

4. The capacitor of claim 3 wherein said organic conductor comprises a dopant.

5. The capacitor of claim 4 wherein said dopant is an organic sulfate.

6. The capacitor of claim 5 wherein said dopant is:

R 4 —OSO 3 Na

wherein R 4 is a C 3 -C 20 linear or branched alkyl.

7. The capacitor of claim 3 wherein X is S.

8. The capacitor of claim 3 wherein said anode comprises a valve metal selected from a group consisting of niobium, aluminum, tantalum, titanium, zirconium, hafnium and tungsten.

9. The capacitor of claim 8 wherein said valve metal is selected from a group consisting of niobium, aluminum and tantalum.