High strength lightweight composite fabric with low gas permeability
A flexible laminate for airship or gas enclosure applications, having a load bearing woven fabric core layer of high strength, low twist yarns, an interior side gas barrier layer, a yarn to fabric strength ratio of between about 1.36 and 1.8, a limited yarn twist, and a yarn height to width ratio of between about 1:2 and 1:7. There is an interior side gas barrier layer on one side of the load bearing layer preferably consisting of polyurethane and an exterior side layer on the other side of the load bearing layer which includes in sequence a first layer of polyurethane, a layer of film, a second layer of polyurethane, and an outermost layer of polymeric material. The laminated structure preferably has a gas transmission rate of not more than about 30 cubic centimeters in 24 hours through a one meter square area at a one atmosphere pressure differential.
1 . A laminated, load bearing structure with a designated high pressure interior side and low pressure exterior side, said structure comprising a multiplicity of flexible layers continuously bonded together wherein said layers comprise:
a load bearing layer of flexible woven fabric, said flexible woven fabric having an aggregate strength of greater than 10 grams per denier, the yarns of said flexible woven fabric having a yarn to fabric strength ratio of between about 1.36 and 1.8, a yarn twist of less than 6 turns per inch, and a yarn height to width ratio of between about 1:2 and 1:7;
an interior side gas barrier layer on one side of said load bearing layer, said gas barrier layer comprising a layer of polyurethane; and
an exterior side layer on the other side of said load bearing layer, said exterior side layer comprising in sequence,
a first layer of polyurethane,
a layer of film,
a second layer of polyurethane, and
an outermost layer of polymeric material;
said laminated structure having a gas transmission rate of not more than about 5 liters in 24 hours through a one meter square area at a one atmosphere pressure differential.
2 . A laminated, load bearing structure with a designated high pressure interior side and low pressure exterior side, said structure comprising a multiplicity of flexible layers continuously bonded together wherein said layers comprise:
a load bearing layer of flexible woven fabric, said flexible woven fabric having an aggregate strength of greater than 10 grams per denier, the yams of said flexible woven fabric having a yarn twist of less than 6 turns per inch, and a yarn height to width ratio of between about 1:2 and 1:7, said flexible woven fabric having not more than 50% of available crossing points formed;
an interior side gas barrier layer on one side of said load bearing layer, said gas barrier layer comprising a layer of polyurethane; and
an exterior side layer on the other side of said load bearing layer, said exterior side layer comprising in sequence,
a first layer of polymeric material,
a layer of film,
a second layer of polymeric material,
an outermost layer of polymeric material;
said laminated structure having a gas transmission rate of not more than about 5 liters in 24 hours through a one meter square area at a one atmosphere pressure differential.
3 . A laminated, load bearing structure with a designated high pressure interior side and low pressure exterior side, said structure comprising a multiplicity of flexible layers continuously bonded together wherein said layers comprise:
a load bearing layer of flexible woven fabric, said flexible woven fabric having an aggregate strength of greater than 10 grams per denier, the yarns of said flexible woven fabric having a yarn twist of less than 6 turns per inch, and a yarn height to width ratio of between about 1:2 and 1:7, said flexible woven fabric having not more than 50% of available crossing points formed;
an additional fabric layer comprising at least one sheet of yarns, the threadlines of which are not aligned with the threadlines of said flexible woven fabric;
an interior side gas barrier layer on one side of said load bearing layer, said gas barrier layer comprising a layer of polymeric material; and
an exterior side layer on the other side of said load bearing layer, said exterior side layer comprising in sequence,
a first layer of polymeric material,
a layer of film,
a second layer of polymeric material,
an outermost layer of polymeric material;
said laminated structure having a gas transmission rate of not more than about 5 liters in 24 hours through a one meter square area at a one atmosphere pressure differential.
4 . A laminated, load bearing structure according to claim 1 , said flexible woven fabric comprising less than 50% of available crossing points formed.
5 . A laminated, load bearing structure according to claim 1 , said flexible woven fabric comprising less than 20% of available crossing points formed.
6 . A laminated, load bearing structure according to claim 1 , said gas transmission rate comprising a helium transmission rate.
7 . A laminated, load bearing structure according to claim 1 , said flexible woven fabric comprising a weave pattern of greater than a repetitive 1×1.
8 . A laminated, load bearing structure according to claim 1 , said flexible woven fabric comprising a 2×2 basket weave.
9 . A laminated, load bearing structure according to claim 1 , said interior side gas barrier layer comprising black pigmented polyurethane.
10 . A laminated, load bearing structure according to claim 1 , said outermost layer of polymeric material comprising white pigmented fluorocarbon polymer.
11 . A laminated, load bearing structure according to claim 1 , said yarns comprising yarns selected from the group consisting of aromatic polyamide yarns, liquid crystal polyester yarns, and blends thereof.
12 . A laminated, load bearing structure according to claim 1 , said flexible woven fabric comprising a plurality of fabric layers wherein each layer consists of at least one sheet of yarns.
13 . A laminated, load bearing structure according to claim 2 , said gas transmission rate comprising a helium transmission rate.
14 . A laminated, load bearing structure according to claim 2 , said flexible woven fabric comprising a weave pattern of greater than a repetitive 1×1.
15 . A laminated, load bearing structure according to claim 2 , said flexible woven fabric comprising a 2×2 basket weave.
16 . A laminated, load bearing structure according to claim 2 , said interior side gas barrier layer comprising black pigmented polyurethane.
17 . A laminated, load bearing structure according to claim 2 , said polymeric materials of said first and second layers of said exterior side layer comprising polyurethane.
18 . A laminated, load bearing structure according to claim 3 , said polymeric materials of said first and second layers of said exterior side layer comprising polyurethane.
19 . A laminated, load bearing structure according to claim 3 , said outermost layer of polymeric material comprising white pigmented fluorocarbon polymer.
20 . A laminated, load bearing structure according to claim 3 , said yarns comprising yarns selected from the group consisting of aromatic polyamide yarns, liquid crystal polyester yarns, and blends thereof.
21 . A laminated, load bearing structure according to claim 3 , said flexible woven fabric comprising a plurality of fabric layers wherein each layer consists of at least one sheet of yarns.
22 . A laminated, load bearing structure according to claim 3 , said flexible woven fabric comprising a 2×2 basket weave.