Acetylamino benzoic acid compounds and their use for nonsense suppression and the treatment of disease

1. A compound of the formula I:

or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates, clathrates, prodrugs, polymorphs, stereoisomers, including enantiomers, diastereomers, racemates or mixtures of stereoisomers, thereof wherein:

X is oxygen, sulfur, SO or S(O) 2 ;

Y is oxygen or sulfur;

Z is para or meta substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl or unsubstituted triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxadiazolyl, pyridyl, furyl, benzofuranyl, thiophenyl, benzothiophenyl, benzoisoxazolyl, benzoisothiazolyl, quinolinyl, pyrrolyl, indolyl, oxazolyl, benzoxazolyl, imidazolyl, benzimidazolyl, thiazolyl, benzothiazolyl, isoxazolyl, pyrazolyl, isothiazolyl, pyridazinyl, pyrazinyl, triazinyl, cinnolinyl, phthalazinyl, quinazolinyl, benzoquinazolinyl, acridinyl, oxazolyl, benzo[1,3]dioxole or 2,3-dihydro-benzo[1,4]dioxine, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl;

n is an integer from 0 to 4;

R 1 is hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl; substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, SO 2 R 7 , CF 3 , CN, COOH, COR 7 , or COOR 7 ;

R 0 is hydrogen, or taken together with R 1 and the atoms to which they are attached form an optionally substituted 5–7 membered heterocyclic, or heteroaryl ring;

R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and R 5 are independently hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl; substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, alkoxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, halogen, CF 3 , OCF 3 , OCHF 2 , CN, COOH, COOR 7 , SO 2 R 7 , NO 2 , NH 2 , or N(R 7 ) 2 ;

R 6 is hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, or any biohydrolyzable group; and

each occurrence of R 7 is independently hydrogen, substituted or unsubsituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl; substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, alkoxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, halogen or CF 3 ;

with the proviso that when X is O, Y is O, n is 0 and R 1 is hydrogen, then Z is not 4-chlorophenyl, 4-methylphenyl, 3-chlorophenyl, or 2,4-dichlorophenyl; and with the proviso that when X is O, Y is O, n is O, R 1 is hydrogen, and Z is phenyl at least one of R 2 –R 5 is not hydrogen; and with the proviso that when R 3 is COOH, R 2 , R 4 , and R 5 are not all halogen.

2. A compound having the formula:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate, solvate, clathrate, or stereoisomer thereof wherein:

X is oxygen or sulfur;

Z is para or meta substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl or unsubstituted triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxadiazolyl, pyridyl, furyl, benzofuranyl, thiophenyl, benzothiophenyl, benzoisoxazolyl, benzoisothiazolyl, quinnolinyl, pyrrolyl, indolyl, oxazolyl, benzoxazolyl, imidazolyl, benzimidazolyl, thiazolyl, benzothiazolyl, isoxazolyl, pyrazolyl, isothiazolyl, pyridazinyl, pyrazinyl, triazinyl, cinnolinyl, phthalazinyl, quinazolinyl, benzoquinazolinyl, acridinyl, oxazolyl, benzo[1,3]dioxole or 2,3-dihydro-benzo[1,4]dioxine, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl;

R 1 is hydrogen, substituted or unsubsituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl; substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, halogen, SO 2 R 7 , CF 3 , COOH, COR 7 , or COOR 7 ;

R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and R 5 are independently hydrogen, substituted or unsubsituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl; substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, alkoxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, halogen, CF 3 , OCF 3 , OCHF 2 , CN, COOH, COOR 7 , SO 2 R 7 , NO 2 , NH 2 , or NR 7 2 ; and

R 6 is hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, or any biohydrolyzable group; and

each occurrence of R 2 is independently hydrogen, substituted or unsubsituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl; substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, alkoxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, halogen or CF 3 ;

with the proviso that when X is O and R 1 is hydrogen, then Z is not 4-chlorophenyl, 4-methylphenyl, 3-chlorophenyl, or 2,4-dichlorophenyl; and with the proviso that when X is O, R 1 is hydrogen, and Z is phenyl at least one of R 2 –R 5 is not hydrogen; and with the proviso that when R 3 is COOH, R 2 , R 4 , and R 5 are not all halogen.

3. A compound having the formula:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate, solvate, clathrate, or stereoisomer thereof wherein:

X is oxygen or sulfur;

Z is para or meta substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl or unsubstituted triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxadiazolyl, pyridyl, furyl, benzofuranyl, thiophenyl, benzothiophenyl, benzoisoxazolyl, benzoisothiazolyl, quinolinyl, pyrrolyl, indolyl, oxazolyl, benzoxazolyl, imidazolyl, benzimidazolyl, thiazolyl, benzothiazolyl, isoxazolyl, pyrazolyl, isothiazolyl, pyridazinyl, pyrazinyl, triazinyl, cinnolinyl, phthalazinyl, quinazolinyl, benzoquinazolinyl, acridinyl, oxazolyl, benzo[1,3]dioxole or 2,3-dihydro-benzo[1,4]dioxine, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl;

R 1 is hydrogen, substituted or unsubsituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl; substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, SO 2 R 2 ,CF 3 , CN, COOH, COR 2 , or COOR 2 ;

R′ is hydrogen, substituted or unsubsituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl; substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, alkoxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, halogen, CF 3 , OCF 3 , OCHF 2 , CN, COOR 2 , SO 2 , NO 2 , NH 2 , or NR 2 2 ;

R 6 is hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, or any biohydrolyzable group; and

each occurrence of R 2 is independently hydrogen, substituted or unsubsituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl; substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, alkoxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, halogen or CF 3 ;

with the proviso that when R 1 is hydrogen, then Z is not 4-chlorophenyl, 4-methylphenyl, 3-chlorophenyl, or 2,4-dichlorophenyl.

4. A compound having the formula:

or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates, clathrates, prodrugs, polymorphs, stereoisomers, including enantiomers, diastereomers, racemates or mixtures of stereoisomers, thereof wherein:

Z is para or meta substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl or unsubstituted triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxadiazolyl, pyridyl, furyl, benzofuranyl, thiophenyl, benzothiophenyl, benzoisoxazolyl, benzoisothiazolyl, quinolinyl, pyrrolyl, indolyl, oxazolyl, benzoxazolyl, imidazolyl, benzimidazolyl, thiazolyl, benzothiazolyl, isoxazolyl, pyrazolyl, isothiazolyl, pyridazinyl, pyrazinyl, triazinyl, cinnolinyl, phthalazinyl, quinazolinyl, benzoquinazolinyl, acridinyl, oxazolyl, benzo[1,3]dioxole or 2,3-dihydro-benzo[1,4]dioxine, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl;

R 1 is hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl; substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, SO 2 R 7 , CF 3 , CN, COOH, COR 7 , or COOR 7 ;

R 0 is hydrogen, or taken together with R 1 and the atoms to which they are attached form an optionally substituted 5–7 membered heterocyclic, or heteroaryl ring;

R′ is hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl; substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, alkoxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, halogen, CF 3 , OCF 3 , OCHF 2 , CN, COOH, COOR 7 , SO 2 R 7 , NO 2 , NH 2 , or N(R 7 ) 2 ; and

R 6 is hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, or any biohydrolyzable group.

5. The compound of claim 3 wherein Z is 4-isopropyl-3-methylphenyl, 3-isopropyl-5-methylphenyl, 2′-methyl-biphenyl-4-yl, 3′-methyl-biphenyl-4-yl, 4-propyl-phenyl, 4-(1,1-dimethyl-propyl)-phenyl, 5,6,7,8,-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl, 4-tert-butyl-phenyl, 4-cyclopentyl-phenyl, or 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl.

6. The compound of claim 3 wherein, Z is 4-isopropyl-3-methylphenyl and R 1 and R 1 are hydrogen.

7. A compound selected from the group consisting of:

3-[2-(4-isopropyl-3-methyl-phenoxy)-acetylamino]-benzoic acid;

3-[2-(3-isopropyl-5-methyl-phenoxy)-acetylamino]-benzoic acid;

3-[2-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenoxy)-acetylamino]-benzoic acid;

3-[2-(4-iodo-phenoxy)-acetylamino]-benzoic acid;

3-[2-(indan-5-ylpxy)-acetylamino]-benzoic acid;

3-[2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-naphthalen-2-yloxy)-acetylamino]-benzoic acid;

3-{2-[4-(1-methyl-1-phenyl-ethyl)-phenoxy]-acetylamino}-benzoic acid;

3-[2-(4-tert-butyl-phenoxy)-acetylamino]-benzoic acid;

3-[2-(4-cyclopentyl-phenoxy)-acetylamino]-benzoic acid;

3-{2-[4-(1,1-dimethyl-propyl)-phenoxy]acetylamino)-benzoic acid;

3-[2-(4-propyl-phenoxy)-acetylamino]-benzoic acid;

3-[2-(4-trifluromethyl-phenoxy)-acetylamino-benzoic acid;

3-[2-(3,4-dichloro-phenoxy)-acetylamino]-benzoic acid;

3-[2-(4-Isopropyl-phenoxy)-acetylamino]-benzoic acid;

3-[2-(2′-methyl-biphenyl-4-yloxy)-acetylamino]-benzoic acid;

3-[2-(3′-methyl-biphenyl-4yloxy)-acetylamino-benzoic acid;

4-chloro-3-[2-(4-isopropyl-3-methyl-phenoxy)-acetylamino]-benzoic acid;

3-{N-[2-(4-isopropyl-3-methyl-phenoxy)-acetyl-N-methylamino]}-benzoic acid;

3-[2-(4-isopropyl-3-methyl-phenoxy)-thioacetylamino]-benzoic acid;

3-[3-(4-Isopropyl-phenoxy)-2-oxo-pyrrolidin-1-yl]-benzoic acid;

3-[3-(4-Isopropyl-phenoxy)-2-oxo-pyrrolidin-1-yl]-benzoic acid Sodium Salt;

3-[3-(Indan-5-yloxy)-2-oxo-pyrrolidin-1-yl]-benzoic acid;

3-[3-(Benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-yloxy)-2-oxo-pyrrolidin-1-yl]-benzoic acid;

3-{2-Oxo-3-[4-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-phenoxy]-pyrrolidin-1-yl}-benzoic acid;

3-[3-(3-Ethyl-phenoxy)-2-oxo-pyrrolidin-1-yl]-benzoic acid;

3-[2-Oxo-3-(4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-pyrrolidin-1-yl]-benzoic acid and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates, solvates, clathrates and stereoisomers thereof.

8. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound according to claim 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 or 7 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

9. A unit dosage form comprising a compound according to claim 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 or 7 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.