Block copolymers and method for making same
View Patent ↗The present invention is a novel block copolymer containing a controlled distribution copolymer block of a conjugated diene and a mono alkenyl arene, where the controlled distribution copolymer block has terminal regions that are rich in conjugated diene units and a center region that is rich in mono alkenyl arene units. Also disclosed is a method for manufacture of the block copolymer.
1. A process for the preparation of a block copolymer having one or more mono alkenyl arene polymer blocks and one or more controlled distribution copolymer blocks of a conjugated diene and a mono alkenyl arene, comprising the steps:
a. polymerizing a mono alkenyl arene in a first reactor in the presence of an inert hydrocarbon solvent and an organolithium initiator whereby a living polymer block A1 terminated with a lithium ion is formed;
b. adding to a second reactor an inert hydrocarbon solvent, 80 to 100% of the mono alkenyl arene monomer desired in the copolymer block B1, between 30 and 60% of the conjugated diene monomer desired in the copolymer block B1, and an effective amount of a distribution agent;
c. transferring the living homopolymer block A1 to the second reactor and starting the polymerization of the mono alkenyl arene monomer and conjugated diene monomer added in step b;
d. after about 10 to about 60 mol percent of the monomers of step c have been polymerized, continuously adding the remaining amount of conjugated diene monomer and mono alkenyl arene to the second reactor at a rate that maintains the concentration of the conjugated diene monomer at no less than about 0.1% weight until about 90% of the monomers in block B1 have been polymerized, thereby forming a living block copolymer A1B1.
2. The process of claim 1 wherein 100% of the mono alkenyl arene monomer and about 50% of the conjugated diene monomer is added to the reactor in step b.
3. The process of claim 1 wherein said distribution agent is selected from the group consisting of cyclic ethers and aliphatic monoethers.
4. The process of claim 1 wherein said mono alkenyl arene is styrene and said conjugated diene is selected from the group consisting of isoprene and butadiene.
5. The process of claim 4 wherein said conjugated diene is butadiene.
6. The process of claim 1 including the additional step wherein additional mono alkenyl arene monomer is added to the second reactor, thereby forming a living block copolymer A1B1A2, wherein the A1 block and the A2 block each have a number average molecular weight of about 3,000 to about 60,000 and the B1 block has a number average molecular weight of about 30,000 to about 300,000.
7. The process of claim 1 including the additional step where the living block copolymer A1B1 is contacted with a coupling agent to form the block copolymer (A1B1)nX where n is an integer from 2 to about 30 and X is the coupling agent residue.
8. The process of claim 6 wherein said living copolymer A1B1A2 is contacted with a terminating agent to form a terminated copolymer.
9. The process of claim 8 wherein said terminated copolymer is hydrogenated.
10. The process of claim 3 wherein said distribution agent is diethyl ether and wherein said distribution agent is used in an amount from about 0.5 to about 10% basis the total weight of solvent and monomers.
11. The process of claim 1 wherein said distribution agent is a chelating ether selected from the group consisting of dialkyl ethers of ethylene glycol and aliphatic polyethers.
12. The process of claim 1 wherein said distribution agent is ortho-dimethoxybenzene and wherein said distribution agent is used in an amount from about 20 to about 200 parts by million weight basis the total reactor contents.
13. The process of claim 7 wherein the coupling agent is divinyl benzene.
14. The process of claim 7 wherein n is between about 2 and about 6 and said coupling agent is a tetra alkoxy silane.
15. The process of claim 14 wherein the coupling agent is tetra ethoxy silane.
16. The process of claim 7 wherein n is between about 2 and about 6 and said coupling agent is a diester of a carboxylic acid.
17. The process of claim 16 wherein the coupling agent is dimethyl adipate.
18. The process of claim 7 including the additional step of hydrogenating the coupled block copolymer wherein subsequent to hydrogenation about 0 to 10% of the arene double bonds have been reduced and at least about 90% of the conjugated diene double bonds have been reduced.
19. The process of claim 7 including the additional step of hydrogenating the coupled block copolymer wherein subsequent to hydrogenation at least about 90% of the arene double bonds have been reduced and at least about 90% of the conjugated diene double bonds have been reduced.
20. The process of claim 9 wherein subsequent to hydrogenation about 0 to 10% of the arene double bonds have been reduced and at least about 90% of the conjugated diene double bonds have been reduced.
21. The process of claim 9 wherein subsequent to hydrogenation at least about 90% of the arene double bonds have been reduced and at least about 90% of the conjugated diene double bonds have been reduced.