Block copolymers and method for making same
View Patent ↗The present invention is a novel block copolymer containing a controlled distribution copolymer block of a conjugated diene and a mono alkenyl arene, where the controlled distribution copolymer block has terminal regions that are rich in conjugated diene units and a center region that is rich in mono alkenyl arene units. Also disclosed is a method for manufacture of the block copolymer.
1. A process for the preparation of a linear A1B1A2 block copolymer having two mono alkenyl arene polymer blocks and one controlled distribution block of a conjugated diene and a mono alkenyl arene, comprising the steps;
a. polymerizing a mono alkenyl arene in a reactor in the presence of an inert hydrocarbon solvent and an organolithium initiator whereby a living polymer block A1 terminated with a lithium ion is formed;
b. prior to the completion of the polymerization in step a, adding to the reactor in one aliquot between 40 and 60% of the conjugated diene monomer desired in the copolymer block B1, and a distribution agent and continuing the polymerization of the mono alkenyl arene monomer and conjugated diene monomer;
c. after about 20 to about 60 mol % of the monomers in step b has been polymerized, gradually adding the remaining amount of conjugated diene monomer and mono alkenyl arene monomer to the reactor at a rate that maintains the concentration of the conjugated diene at no less than about 0.1% weight until about 90% of the monomers in block B1 have been polymerized, thereby forming a living copolymer block copolymer A1B1;
d. adding additional mono alkenyl arene monomer to the reactor, thereby forming a living copolymer A1B1A2, wherein the A1block and the A2 block each has a number average molecular weight of about 3,000 to about 60,000 and the B1 block has a number average molecular weight of about 30,000 to about 300,000.
2. The process of claim 1 wherein said living copolymer A1B1A2 is contacted with a terminating agent to form a terminated polymer.
3. The process of claim 2 wherein said terminated polymer is hydrogenated.
4. The process of claim 1 wherein said distribution agent is selected from the group consisting of cyclic ethers and aliphatic monoethers.
5. The process of claim 4 wherein said aliphatic monoether is diethyl ether.
6. The process of claim 1 wherein said mono alkenyl arene is styrene and said conjugated diene is selected from the group consisting of isoprene and butadiene.
7. The process of claim 1 wherein said conjugated diene is butadiene.
8. The process of claim 1 wherein said distribution agent is a chelating ether selected from the groin consisting of dialkyl ethers of ethylene glycol and aliphatic polyethers.
9. The process of claim 1 wherein said distribution agent is ortho-dimethoxybenzene and wherein said distribution agent is used in an amount from about 20 to about 200 parts by million weight basis the total reactor contents.
10. The process of claim 5 wherein the amount of diethyl ether is from 0.5 to 10 percent basis the weight of solvent and monomers.
11. The process of claim 3 wherein subsequent to hydrogenation about 0 to 10% of the arene double bonds have been reduced and at least about 90% of the conjugated diene double bonds have been reduced.
12. The process of claim 3 wherein subsequent to hydrogenation at least about 90% of the arene double bonds have been reduced and at least about 90% of the conjugated diene double bonds have been reduced.
13. The process of claim 1 wherein the addition of the conjugated diene to form the copolymer block B starts about 1 minute before the start of mono alkenyl arene monomer addition.
14. The process of claim 1 wherein during the copolymerization steps b and c the concentration of conjugated diene is no less than about 0.1 weight percent until the styrene is nearly exhausted.
15. A process for the preparation of a linear A1B1A2 block copolymer having two mono alkenyl arene polymer blocks and one controlled distribution block of a conjugated diene and a mono alkenyl arene, comprising the steps:
a. polymerizing a mono alkenyl arene in a reactor in the presence of an inert hydrocarbon solvent, a distribution agent and an organolithium initiator whereby a living polymer block Al terminated with a lithium ion is formed;
b. after completion of the polymerization in step a, rapidly adding to the reactor the conjugated diene monomer and distribution agent;
c. after about 1 minute of the addition in step b, rapidly adding to the reactor the mono alkenyl arene monomer;
d. after the majority of the mono alkenyl arene monomer has been added in step c, decreasing the conjugated diene monomer addition rate;
e. continuing polymerization thereby forming a living A1B1 block copolymer; and
f. adding additional mono alkenyl arene to the reactor, thereby forming a living copolymer A1B1A2, wherein the A1 block and the A2 block each has a number average molecular weight of about 3,000 to about 60,000 and the B1 block has a number average molecular weight of about 30,000 to 300,000.
16. The process of claim 15 wherein in steps b, c and d the concentration of conjugated diene is no less than 0.1 weight percent until the mono alkenyl arene is nearly exhausted.