Battery having enhanced energy density

1. A battery, comprising:

an electrolyte activating one or more anodes and one or more cathodes,

the electrolyte including one or more organoborate salts in a solvent that includes one or more component selected from a group consisting of a siloxane and a silane, and

at least of the anodes including one or more components selected from a group consisting of lithium metal, a lithium metal alloy or a lithium metal intermetallic compound.

2. The battery of claim 1 , wherein at least of the anodes includes lithium metal.

3. The battery of claim 1 , wherein at least of the anodes consists of lithium metal.

4. The battery of claim 1 , wherein at least of the anodes includes a lithium metal alloy.

5. The battery of claim 1 , wherein at least of the anodes includes a lithium metal intermetallic compound.

6. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the one or more organoborate salts include a mono[bidentate]borate salt.

7. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the one or more organoborate salts include a dihalo mono[bidentate]borate.

8. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the one or more organoborate salts include a lithium dihalo mono[bidentate]borate.

9. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the one or more organoborate salts include lithium difluoro oxalatoborate (LiDfOB).

10. The battery of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the organoborate salts is represented by

wherein M + is a metal ion selected from the Group I or Group II elements; Y 3 is selected from the group consisting of —CX(CR 2 ) n CX—, —CZZ′(CR 2 ) a CZZ′—,

—CX(CR 2 )—CZZ′—, —SO 2 (CR 2 ) b SO 2 —, and CO(CR 2 ) b SO 2 —; X is ═O or ═NR′, Z is alkyl, halogenated alkyl, —C═NR′, CR′ 3 or R′; Z′ is alkyl, halogenated alkyl, —C═NR′, CR′ 3 or R′; R″ is a halogen; R′ is halogen of hydrogen; R is hydrogen, alkyl, halogenated alkyl, cyano, or halogen; a is 0 to 4 and b is 1 to 4.

11. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the one or more organoborate salts include a bis[bidentate]borate.

12. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the one or more organoborate salts include a lithium bis[bidentate]borate.

13. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the one or more organoborate salts include lithium bis-oxalato borate (LiBOB).

14. The battery of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the organoborate salts is represented by

wherein M + is a metal ion selected from the Group I or Group II elements; Y 1 and Y 2 are each selected from the group consisting of —CX(CR 2 ) a CX—, —CZZ′(CR 2 ) a CZZ′—, —CX(CR 2 ) a CZZ′—, —SO 2 (CR 2 ) b SO 2 —, and —CO(CR 2 ) b SO 2 —; X is ═O or ═NR′, Z is alkyl, halogenated alkyl, —C═NR′, CR′ 3 or R′; Z′ is alkyl, halogenated alkyl, —C═NR′, CR′ 3 or R′; R′ is halogen or hydrogen; R is hydrogen, alkyl, halogenated alkyl, cyano, or halogen; a is 0 to 4 and b is 1 to 4.

15. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte includes one or more organic solvents.

16. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte includes one or more silanes.

17. The battery of claim 16 , wherein at least one silane includes a silicon linked to one or more substituents that each include a poly(alkylene oxide) moiety or a cyclic carbonate moiety.

18. The battery of claim 16 , wherein at least one silane is represented by SiR 4-x-y R′ x R″ y ; wherein R is an alkyl group, an aryl group or a halogen, R′ x is represented by Formula VIII-A or Formula VIII-C, R″ y is represented by Formula VIII-B, x is 0 to 4, y is 0 to 4,4-x-y indicates the number of R substituents, and x+y is at least 1;

wherein R 9 is nil or an organic spacer, R 10 is hydrogen; alkyl or aryl; R 11 is alkyl or aryl; and n is 1 to 15;

wherein R 12 is an organic spacer and p is 1 to 2; and

where R 14 is nil or a spacer; R 15 is nil or a spacer; R 16 is hydrogen, alkyl or aryl; second silane represents another silane and n is 1 to 15.

19. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte includes one or more disiloxanes.

20. The battery of claim 19 , wherein at least one disiloxane includes a backbone with a silicon linked to one or more substituents that each include a poly(alkylene oxide) moiety or a cyclic carbonate moiety.

21. The battery of claim 19 , wherein at least one disiloxane is represented by:

wherein R 1 is an alkyl group or an aryl group; R 2 is an alkyl group or an aryl group; R 3 is an alkyl group or an aryl group; R 4 is an alkyl group or an aryl group; R 5 is represented by Formula VII-A, Formula VII-B or Formula VII-C; R 6 is an alkyl group, an aryl group, represented by Formula VII-D, or represented by Formula VII-E;

wherein R 9 is nil or a spacer; R 10 is hydrogen; alkyl or aryl; R 11 is alkyl or aryl; and n is 1 to 12;

wherein R 12 is an organic spacer and p is 1 to 2;

where R 14 is nil or a spacer; R 15 is nil or a spacer; R 16 is hydrogen, alkyl or aryl; second siloxane represents another siloxane and n is 1 to 12;

wherein R 17 is nil or a spacer, R 18 is hydrogen; alkyl or aryl; R 19 is alkyl or aryl; and q is 1 to 12; and

wherein R 20 is an organic spacer and p is 1 to 2.

22. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte includes one or more trisiloxanes.

23. The battery of claim 22 , wherein at least one trisiloxane includes a backbone with three silicons, one or more of the silicons being linked to one or more substituents that each include a poly(alkylene oxide) moiety or a cyclic carbonate moiety.

24. The battery of claim 22 , wherein at least one trisiloxane is represented by:

wherein R 1 is an alkyl group; R 2 is an alkyl group; R 3 is an alkyl group or an aryl group; R 4 is an alkyl group or an aryl group; R 5 is an alkyl group or an aryl group; R 6 is an alkyl group or an aryl group; R 7 is represented by Formula V-A or Formula V-B; R 8 is represented by Formula V-C or Formula V-D;

wherein R 9 is nil or a spacer, R 10 is hydrogen; alkyl or aryl; R 11 is alkyl or aryl; and n is 1 to 12;

wherein R 12 is an organic spacer and p is 1 to 2;

wherein R 13 is nil or a spacer; R 14 is hydrogen; alkyl or aryl; R 15 is alkyl or aryl; and q is 1 to 12; and

wherein R 16 is an organic spacer and p is 1 to 2.

25. The battery of claim 22 , wherein at least one trisiloxane is represented by:

wherein R 19 is an alkyl group or an aryl group; R 20 is represented by Formula VI-A, Formula VI-B or Formula VI-C;

wherein R 21 is an organic spacer and p is 1 to 2;

wherein R 23 is hydrogen; alkyl or aryl; R 24 is alkyl or aryl; and r is 1 to 12; and

where R 25 is nil or a spacer; R 26 is nil or a spacer; R 27 is hydrogen, alkyl or aryl; second siloxane represents another siloxane and n is 1 to 12.

26. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte includes one or more tetrasiloxanes.

27. The battery of claim 26 , wherein at least one tetrasiloxane includes a backbone with four silicons, one or more of the silicons being linked to one or more substituents that each include a poly(alkylene oxide) moiety or a cyclic carbonate moiety.

28. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte includes one or more polysiloxanes.

29. The battery of claim 28 , wherein at least one polysiloxane includes a backbone with five or more silicons, one or more of the silicons being linked to one or more substituents that each include a poly(alkylene oxide) moiety or a cyclic carbonate moiety.

30. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the solvent includes the silane and the siloxane.

31. A method of forming a battery comprising:

generating an electrolyte having one or more mono[bidentate]borate salts in a solvent that includes a siloxane or a silane, and

activating one or more anodes and one or more cathodes with the electrolyte, at least of the anodes including one or more components selected from a group consisting of lithium metal, a lithium metal alloy and a lithium metal intermetallic compound.