Configurations and methods for reduction of microbial growth in reverse osmosis devices
Microbial growth in reverse osmosis devices is reduced by incorporating an electrode into an interconnector that fluidly couples an upstream membrane unit to a downstream membrane unit. Preferably, the electrode delivers an electric field or pulse to the feed fluid at a strength effective to reduce microbial growth in the downstream membrane unit.
1 . A reverse osmosis system comprising:
an interconnector having a cavity that receives a feed fluid from a pressure vessel via a feed opening, and wherein the interconnector is configured to fluidly couple an upstream membrane unit to a downstream membrane unit; and
an electrode coupled to the interconnector such that the electrode provides an electric field to the feed fluid in the cavity in an amount effective to reduce microbial growth in the downstream membrane unit.
2 . The reverse osmosis system of claim 1 wherein the pressure vessel is a pipe that encloses the upstream membrane unit and downstream membrane unit.
3 . The reverse osmosis system of claim 1 wherein the interconnector has a second feed opening and a second electrode.
4 . The reverse osmosis system of claim 1 wherein the interconnector has a toroid shape and is sealingly coupled to a permeate path and a feed fluid path.
5 . The reverse osmosis system of claim 1 wherein the electrode is configured to provide an at least temporarily continuous electrical field.
6 . The reverse osmosis system of claim 1 wherein the electrical field is in a location selected from the group consisting of a space between the electrode and a component of the reverse osmosis system and a space between the electrode and a second electrode.
7 . The reverse osmosis system of claim 5 wherein the electrical field has a strength that is sufficient to generate a hydroxyl radical from water.
8 . The reverse osmosis system of claim 1 further comprising a second electrode, wherein the electrode and the second electrode are configured to provide an electric pulse.
9 . The reverse osmosis system of claim 8 wherein the electric pulse has a strength sufficient to electroporate a microorganism.
10 . The reverse osmosis system of claim 5 wherein the electrode is configured to provide a high-frequency electrical field.
11 . A method of reducing microbial growth in a reverse osmosis unit, comprising:
fluidly coupling an upstream membrane unit to a downstream membrane unit via an interconnector having a cavity that receives a feed fluid from a pressure vessel via a feed opening; and
applying an electricity to an electrode that is disposed in the cavity of the interconnector in an amount effective to reduce the microbial growth in the downstream membrane unit of the reverse osmosis unit.
12 . The method of claim 11 wherein the upstream and downstream membrane units are disposed in pressure vessel.
13 . The method of claim 11 wherein the electrode generates at least one of a continuous electric field, a high-frequency electric field, and an electric pulse.