Catalytic activated carbon for removal of chloramines from water
View Patent ↗This application discloses a method for enhanced removal of chloramines from a chloramines-containing fluid media by contacting said media with a catalytic activated carbon characterized by having present in the graphene structure of the carbon from 0.01 to 10 wt % of aromatic nitrogen species. The catalytic activated carbons used in the present invention may be prepared from carbon materials that have been contacted or otherwise exposed to ammonia, with or without simultaneous exposure to an oxygen-containing vapor or gas at temperatures above 700° C. and, preferably, are in the form of a solid carbon block.
1. In a process for the removal of chloramines from chloramine-containing fluid solutions or streams comprising the step of contacting said solutions or streams with an activated carbon, the improvement comprising an activated carbon characterized by having present in the graphene structure of the carbon from 0.01 to 10 wt % of aromatic nitrogen species, with at least 46% of nitrogen positioned as an aromatic center configuration within a graphene layer and wherein the process achieves a chloramines removal of at least 50% at one minute of contact.
2. The process of claim 1 wherein the carbon has been treated by a process of pyrolyzing the carbon while simultaneously passing a gas stream containing NH 3 through a bed of the carbon.
3. The process of claim 2 wherein the gas stream includes both NH 3 and an oxygen-containing gas or vapor.
4. The process of claim 3 wherein the gas stream includes a NH 3 /oxygen-containing gas mixture from the group consisting of NH 3 /CO 2 , NH 3 /O 2 , NH 3 /H 2 O, and NH 3 /NO x .
5. The process of claim 4 wherein the NH 3 /oxygen-containing gas mixture is NH 3 /H 2 O.
6. The process of claim 2 where the carbon is shaped in the form of a block.
7. The process of claim 1 wherein the process achieves a chloramines removal of at least 0.88 grams per liter of activated carbon at one minute of contact.
8. The process of claim 1 wherein the carbon is characterized by the presence in the graphene structure of the carbon of from 0.02 to 7 wt % of aromatic nitrogen species.
9. The process of claim 8 wherein the carbon is characterized by the presence in the graphene structure of the carbon of from 0.03 to 5 wt % of aromatic nitrogen species.
10. The process of claim 1 wherein the solutions or streams are aqueous.
11. The process of claim 1 wherein the activated carbon is derived from a carbon-containing material.
12. The process of claim 11 where the carbon-containing material contains nitrogen in its chemical structure.
13. The process of claim 11 wherein the activated carbon is derived from a material selected from coal, wood, nut shell, pitch, peat, fruit pit, cellulose, lignin, and agricultural waste materials.
14. The process of claim 1 wherein the pyrolyzing temperature is above about 700° C.
15. The process of claim 1 where the carbon is shaped in the form of a block.
16. The process of claim 12 where the carbon is shaped in the form of a block.