Process for creating high internal phase polymeric emulsions
View Patent ↗A “high internal phase polymeric emulsion” (“HIPPE”) composition is described which comprises an emulsion of a discrete phase (component A) and a continuous phase (component B), wherein the volume fraction of the discrete phase is the majority fraction (on a volume basis) of the total volume of the emulsion. A compatibilizer, component C, is used to lower the interfacial tension between the phases containing components A and B. A process is described for creating such HIPPE composition in which the A component is a colloidal polymer particle.
1. A high internal phase emulsion composition comprising a disrete phase, comprising:
component A, wherein component A is a polymer, monomer or mixture thereof in the form of a colloidal dispersion;
a continuous phase comprising component B, wherein component B is a polymer; and
component C, wherein component C is a compatibilizer selected from the group consisting of surfactants, block copolymers, random copolymers and graft copolymers;
wherein the composition is produced by a process, comprising
dissolving component B and component C in a selective solvent for polymer B to form a solution, wherein the selective solvent comprises an alcohol;
dispersing component A within the solution, wherein the dispersing comprises sonification of the solution; and
removing the selective solvent from the solution to form a dried polymeric high internal phase emulsion composition.
2. The composition of claim 1 wherein the components C and A are immersible within each other.
3. The composition of claim 1 wherein component C is a surfactant.
4. The composition of claim 1 wherein component A is formed of a monomer selected from the group consisting of styrene, vinyl toulene, alphamethyl styrene, divinyl benzene, isoprene, butadiene, methyl methacrylate, acrylonitrile, vinyl chloride, vinyl acetate, maleic anhydride, and thermoset monomers.
5. The composition of claim 1 wherein component A is a polymer selected from the group consisting of polyethylenes, polypropylenes, copolymers of ethylene and propylene, copolymers of ethylene, polystyrenes, ethylene styrene, copolymers of styrene, polybutadienes, polyisoprenes, polyvinyl chlorides, vinyl chloride copolymers, polyamides, polyimides, polycarbonates, polyesters, polyarylates, acrylic polymers and copolymers, polyethers, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polyphenylene oxides, polyphenylene sulfones, polyvinylidine chlorides, polyvinylidine fluorides, rubbers, partially polymerized thermosets, silicone rubbers, thermoplastic polyolefin rubbers, and polyurethanes.
6. The composition of claim 1 wherein component A comprises between greater than 0 and less than 100% by volume of the composition.
7. The composition of claim 1 wherein component A is poly-(2,6-dimethyl-p-phenylene oxide).
8. The composition of claim 1 wherein component A is a monomer comprising one or more components selected from the group consisting of cross-linking agents, catalysts, or polymerization advancers.
9. The composition of claim 1 wherein component A and component B are thermoplastic polymers.
10. The composition of claim 1 wherein component A, component B or components A and B are thermoset polymers.
11. The composition of claim 1 wherein component A and component B are thermoplastic olefins and component C is an olefinic copolymer.
12. The composition of claim 1 wherein component B is selected from the group consisting of polyethylenes, polypropylenes, copolymers of ethylene and propylene, copolymers of ethylene with higher alpha-olefins, polystyrenes, ethylene styrene, copolymers of styrene, polybutadienes, polyisoprenes, polyvinyl chlorides, vinyl chloride copolymers, polyamides, polyimides, polycarbonates, polyesters, polyarylates, acrylic polymers and copolymers, polyethers, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polyphenylene oxides, polyphenylene sulfones, polyvinylidine chlorides, polyvinylidine fluorides, rubbers, partially polymerized thermosets, silicone rubbers, thermoplastic polyolefin rubbers, polyurethanes, and conjugated polymers.
13. The composition of claim 1 wherein component B is selected from the group consisting of polythiophenes, polypyrroles, polyanilines, polyfluorenes, polyvinylcarbazole, polyethylenedioxythiophene:polystyrenesulfonate.
14. The composition of claim 1 wherein components C and A are immiscible within each other.
15. The composition of claim 1 wherein C is more miscible in B than in A.
16. The composition of claim 1 wherein the composition is electrically or ionically conducting.
17. The composition of claim 1 wherein the composition comprises a bioactive agent and/or biodegradable polymer.
18. The composition of claim 1 which is insulating or forms a barrier.
19. The composition of claim 1 wherein the alcohol is ethanol.
20. The composition of claim 19 wherein the selective solvent further comprises water.