Vaccine formulations

1. An oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion comprising:

(1) an aqueous solution containing a vaccine antigen or immunogen capable of inducing an immune response in a host, wherein the antigen or immunogen is a whole organism, a killed organism, an attenuated organism, a live organism, a recombinant vector containing an insert with immunogenic properties, a piece or fragment of DNA capable of inducing an immune response upon presentation to a host animal, a protein, a glycoprotein, a lipoprotein, a polypeptide, a peptide, a toxin or an antitoxin;

(2) a non-ionic lipophilic ethoxylated fatty alcohol;

(3) a mineral oil;

(4) a non-ionic hydrophilic surfactant selected from the group of ethoxylated fatty alcohol, polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block copolymer (POE-POP block copolymer) and/or any combination thereof.

2. An oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion comprising:

(1) an aqueous solution containing a vaccine antigen or immunogen capable of inducing an immune response in a host, wherein the antigen or immunogen is a whole organism, a killed organism, an attenuated organism, a live organism, a recombinant vector containing an insert with immunogenic properties, a piece or fragment of DNA capable of inducing an immune response upon presentation to a host animal, a protein;

(2) a non-ionic lipophilic surfactant selected from the group of ethoxylated fatty alcohol, polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block copolymer (POE-POP block copolymer) and/or any combination thereof;

(3) a mineral oil;

(4) a non-ionic hydrophilic ethoxylated fatty alcohol.

3. The emulsion of claim 1 wherein the lipophilic ethoxylated fatty alcohol comprises about 43% of the molecular weight (w/w) or less of ethylene oxide (EO) or

wherein the hydrophilic POE-POP block copolymer comprises about 55% (w/w) or more of ethylene oxide or

wherein the lipophilic ethoxylated fatty alcohol comprises about 43% of the molecular weight (w/w) or less of ethylene oxide (EO) and

wherein the ethoxylated fatty alcohol is a C9 to C22 fatty alcohol or

wherein the hydrophilic POE-POP block copolymer comprises about 55% (w/w) or more of ethylene oxide and

wherein the POE-POP block copolymer has a MW of about 3000 to about 16000 or

wherein the non-ionic hydrophilic surfactant is an ethoxylated fatty alcohol or

wherein the hydrophilic ethoxylated fatty alcohol comprises more than about 43% (w/w) of ethylene oxide or

wherein the hydrophilic ethoxylated fatty alcohol comprises more than about 43% (w/w) of ethylene oxide and wherein the ethoxylated fatty alcohol is a C9 to C22 fatty alcohol or

wherein the non-ionic hydrophilic surfactant is an ethoxylated fatty alcohol and

wherein the ethoxylated fatty alcohol is Steareth-10, Ceteth-10, Oleth-10, Oleth-20, Steareth-21, Ceteth-20, Laureth-23, Steareth-20, Oleth-5, Ceteareth-6, Ceteareth-12, Ceteareth-20, Ceteareth-25, Ceteareth-23, Laureth-9, Ceteth-7, C12-14 Pareth-5, C12-14 Pareth-7, C12-14 Pareth-9, C12-14 Pareth-12, C12-15 Pareth-10, Oleth-7, Ceteht-6, Laureth-21, Laureth-25, Ceteth-15, Ceteth-23, Ceteth-25, Oleth-15, Oleth-50, Beheneth-20, or any combination thereof or

wherein the non-ionic hydrophilic surfactant is a POE-POP block copolymer or

wherein the non-ionic hydrophilic surfactant is a POE-POP block copolymer and

wherein the POE-POP block copolymer is Poloxamer 407, Poloxamer 188, Poloxamer 338, Poloxamer278, Poloxamer 227, Poloxamer 228, Poloxamer 207, Poloxamer 108, a poloxamine 1307, poloxamine 1107, poloxamine 908 or any combination thereof or

wherein the non-ionic lipophilic surfactant is an ethoxylated fatty alcohol or

wherein the non-ionic lipophilic surfactant is an ethoxylated fatty alcohol and

wherein the ethoxylated fatty alcohol is Laureth-4, Oleth-2, Steareth-2, Ceteth-2, C12-13 Pareth-3, Oleth-3, C12-13 Pareth-4, Steareth-4, C12-15 Pareth-2, C12-15 Pareth-4, C12-14 Pareth-3 or any composition thereof or

wherein the overall concentration of surfactants, by weight per volume of emulsion is from about 0.2% to about 6.5.

4. The emulsion of claim 2 wherein the lipophilic ethoxylated fatty alcohol comprises about 43% of the molecular weight (w/w) or less of ethylene oxide (EO) or

wherein the lipophilic POE-POP block copolymer comprises about 35% (w/w) or less of ethylene oxide or

wherein the hydrophilic ethoxylated fatty alcohol comprises more than about 43% (w/w) of ethylene oxide (EO) or

wherein the lipophilic ethoxylated fatty alcohol comprises about 43% of the molecular weight (w/w) or less of ethylene oxide (EO) and

wherein the ethoxylated fatty alcohol is a C9 to C22 fatty alcohol or

wherein the hydrophilic ethoxylated fatty alcohol comprises more than about 43% (w/w) of ethylene oxide (EO) and

wherein the ethoxylated fatty alcohol is a C9 to C22 fatty alcohol or

wherein the lipophilic POE-POP block copolymer comprises about 35% (w/w) or less of ethylene oxide and

wherein the POE-POP block copolymer has a MW of about 1000 to about 8000 or

wherein the non-ionic hydrophilic surfactant is an ethoxylated fatty alcohol or

wherein the non-ionic hydrophilic surfactant is an ethoxylated fatty alcohol and

wherein the ethoxylated fatty alcohol is Steareth-10, Ceteth-10, Oleth-10, Oleth-20, Steareth-21, Ceteth-20, Laureth-23, Steareth-20, Oleth-5, Ceteareth-6, Ceteareth-12, Ceteareth-20, Ceteareth-25, Ceteareth-23, Laureth-9, Ceteth-7, C12-14 Pareth-5, C12-14 Pareth-7, C12-14 Pareth-9, C12-14 Pareth-12, C12-15 Pareth-10, Oleth-7, Ceteht-6, Laureth-21, Laureth-25, Ceteth-15, Ceteth-23, Ceteth-25, Oleth-15, Oleth-50, Beheneth-20, or any combination thereof or

wherein the non-ionic lipophilic surfactant is an ethoxylated fatty alcohol or

wherein the non-ionic lipophilic surfactant is an ethoxylated fatty alcohol and

wherein the ethoxylated fatty alcohol is Laureth-4, Oleth-2, Steareth-2, Ceteth-2, C12-13 Pareth-3, Oleth-3, 4 C12-13 Pareth-4, Steareth-4, C12-15 Pareth-2, C12-15 Pareth-4, C12-14 Pareth-3 or any composition thereof or

wherein the non-ionic lipophilic surfactant is a POE-POP block copolymer or

wherein the non-ionic lipophilic surfactant is a POE-POP block copolymer and

wherein the POE-POP block copolymer is Poloxamer 401, Poloxamer 331, Poloxamer 221, Poloxamer 182, Poloxamer 123, Poloxamer 333, Poloxamer 403, Poloxamer 183, Poloxamer 402, Poloxamer 272, Poloxamer 202, Poloxamer 122, Poloxamer 181, poloxamine 1307, poloxamine 1107, poloxamine 908 or any combination thereof or

wherein the overall concentration of surfactants, by weight per volume of emulsion is from about 0.2% to about 6.5%.

5. The emulsion of claim 1 wherein the non-ionic hydrophilic surfactant comprises a non-ionic hydrophilic ethoxylated fatty alcohol comprising more than about 43% and less than about 71% (w/w) of ethylene oxide (EO) and a non-ionic hydrophilic ethoxylated fatty alcohol comprising about 71% or more (w/w) of ethylene oxide (EO).

6. The emulsion of claim 5 wherein the non-ionic hydrophilic ethoxylated fatty alcohol comprising more than about 43% and less than about 71% (w/w) of ethylene oxide (EO) is an ethoxylated oleyl alcohol with 5 to 14 EO or

wherein the non-ionic hydrophilic ethoxylated fatty alcohol comprising about 71% or more (w/w) of ethylene oxide (EO) is an ethoxylated oleyl alcohol with 15 EO or more or

wherein the concentration of the non-ionic hydrophilic ethoxylated fatty alcohol comprising more than about 43% and less than about 71% (w/w) of ethylene oxide is from about 1.0% to about 5.0% expressed as a percentage in weight by volume of emulsion (w/v) or

wherein the concentration of non-ionic hydrophilic ethoxylated fatty alcohol comprising about 71% or more (w/w) of ethylene oxide is from about 0.01% to about 3.0% or

wherein the concentration of the non-ionic lipophilic ethoxylated fatty alcohol is from about 0.1% to about 2.5%.

7. The emulsion of claim 1 wherein the non-ionic hydrophilic surfactant comprises a non-ionic hydrophilic ethoxylated fatty alcohol and a non-ionic hydrophilic polyoxyethylenepolyoxypropylene block copolymer.

8. The emulsion of claim 7 wherein the hydrophilic ethoxylated fatty alcohol is an ethoxylated fatty alcohol comprising more than about 43% and less than about 71% (w/w) of ethylene oxide or

wherein the fatty alcohol is an ethoxylated oleyl alcohol with 5 to 14 EO or

wherein the concentration of non-ionic hydrophilic ethoxylated fatty alcohol is from about 1.0% to about 5.0% expressed as a percentage in weight by volume of emulsion (w/v) or

wherein the concentration of the non-ionic hydrophilic polyoxyethylenepolyoxypropylene block-copolymer is from about 0.01% to about 2.0% (w/v) or

wherein the concentration of the non-ionic lipophilic ethoxylated fatty alcohol is from about 0.1% to about 2.5% (w/v).

9. The emulsion of claim 1 wherein the emulsion has a phase inversion temperature (PIT) greater than or equal to 25° C. or

wherein the emulsion has a phase inversion temperature (PIT) greater than or equal to 25° C. and

wherein the PIT is from about 28° C. to about 65° C.

10. The emulsion of claim 1 wherein the emulsion comprises by volume per volume (v/v) of emulsion, from about 2% to about 50% of oil phase including the oil(s) and the surfactants or

wherein the emulsion comprises by volume per volume (v/v) of emulsion, from about 2% to about 50% of oil phase including the oil(s) and the surfactants and

wherein the oil is a mineral oil or

wherein the emulsion comprises by volume per volume (v/v) of emulsion, from about 2% to about 50% of oil phase including the oil(s) and the surfactants and

wherein the oil is a mineral oil and

wherein the mineral oil is a paraffin oil, isoparaffinic oil, naphthenic oil, squalane, squalene, pristane, polyisobutene, hydrogenated polyisobutene, polydecene, polyisoprene, polyisopropene or

wherein the emulsion comprises by volume per volume (v/v) of emulsion, from about 2% to about 50% of oil phase including the oil(s) and the surfactants and

wherein the oil is a mineral oil and

wherein the mineral oil comprises a linear or ramified carbon chain having a number of carbon atoms greater than 15 or

wherein the emulsion comprises by volume per volume (v/v) of emulsion, from about 2% to about 50% of oil phase including the oil(s) and the surfactants and

wherein the oil is a mineral oil and

wherein the mineral oil comprises a linear or ramified carbon chain having a number of carbon atoms greater than 15 and free of aromatic compounds or

wherein the oil is a mixture of oils comprising at least two oils in any proportion or

wherein the oil is a mixture of oils comprising at least two oils in any proportion and

wherein the mixture of oils comprises at least one vegetable oil or

wherein the oil is a mixture of oils comprising at least two oils in any proportion and

wherein the mixture of oils comprises at least one vegetable oil and

wherein the vegetable oil represents from about 0.1% to about 33% v/v of the oily phase

wherein the oil is a mixture of oils comprising at least two oils in any proportion and wherein the mixture of oils comprises at least one vegetable oil and

wherein the vegetable oil is groundnut oil, nut oil, sunflower oil, safflower oil, soya oil, evening primrose oil.

11. The emulsion of claim 2 wherein the emulsion has a phase inversion temperature (PIT) greater than or equal to 25° C. or

wherein the emulsion has a phase inversion temperature (PIT) greater than or equal to 25° C. and

wherein the PIT is from about 28° C. to about 65° C.

12. The emulsion of claim 2 wherein the emulsion comprises by volume per volume (v/v) of emulsion, from about 2% to about 50% of oil phase including the oil(s) and the surfactants or

wherein the emulsion comprises by volume per volume (v/v) of emulsion, from about 2% to about 50% of oil phase including the oil(s) and the surfactants and

wherein the oil is a mineral oil or

wherein the emulsion comprises by volume per volume (v/v) of emulsion, from about 2% to about 50% of oil phase including the oil(s) and the surfactants and

wherein the oil is a mineral oil and

wherein the mineral oil is a paraffin oil, isoparaffinic oil, naphthenic oil, squalane, squalene, pristane, polyisobutene, hydrogenated polyisobutene, polydecene, polyisoprene, polyisopropene or

wherein the emulsion comprises by volume per volume (v/v) of emulsion, from about 2% to about 50% of oil phase including the oil(s) and the surfactants and

wherein the oil is a mineral oil and

wherein the mineral oil comprises a linear or ramified carbon chain having a number of carbon atoms greater than 15 and free of aromatic compounds or

wherein the emulsion comprises by volume per volume (v/v) of emulsion, from about 2% to about 50% of oil phase including the oil(s) and the surfactants and

wherein the oil is a mineral oil and

wherein the mineral oil comprises a linear or ramified carbon chain having a number of carbon atoms greater than 15 and free of aromatic compounds or

wherein the oil is a mixture of oils comprising at least two oils in any proportion or

wherein the oil is a mixture of oils comprising at least two oils in any proportion and

wherein the mixture of oils comprises at least one vegetable oil or

wherein the oil is a mixture of oils comprising at least two oils in any proportion and

wherein the mixture of oils comprises at least one vegetable oil and

wherein the vegetable oil represents from about 0.1% to about 33% of the oily phase v/v.

wherein the oil is a mixture of oils comprising at least two oils in any proportion and

wherein the mixture of oils comprises at least one vegetable oil and

wherein the vegetable oil is groundnut oil, nut oil, sunflower oil, safflower oil, soya oil, evening primrose oil.

13. The emulsion of claim 1 wherein the vaccine antigen or immunogen is Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae , porcine circovirus 2 or Helicobacter pylori.

14. The emulsion of claim 2 wherein the vaccine antigen or immunogen is Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae , porcine circovirus 2 or Helicobacter pylori.

15. An emulsion comprising a paraffin oil, an ethoxylated oleyl alcohol with 2-3 EO as non-ionic lipophilic surfactant; an ethoxylated oleyl alcohol with 10 OE as non-ionic hydrophilic surfactant; and a POE-POP block copolymer with approximately 70 to 80% EO and a MW around 9800 to 16000 as non-ionic hydrophilic surfactant.

16. The emulsion of claim 15 wherein the paraffin oil is at a concentration from 5% to 50%; the ethoxylated oleyl alcohol with 2-3 EO is at the concentration from 0.2% to 3%; the ethoxylated oleyl alcohol with 10 EO is at the concentration from 0.2% to 3%; and the POE-POP block copolymer with approximately 70 to 80% EO and a MW around 9800 to 16000 is at the concentration from 0.01% to 2%.

17. An emulsion comprising a paraffin oil, an ethoxylated oleyl alcohol with 2-3 EO as non-ionic lipophilic surfactant and an ethoxylated oleyl alcohol with 5-6 OE as non-ionic hydrophilic surfactant.

18. The emulsion of claim 17 wherein the paraffin oil is at a concentration from 5% to 50%; the ethoxylated oleyl alcohol with 2-3 EO is at the concentration from 0.1% to 3%; the ethoxylated oleyl alcohol with 5-6 EO is at the concentration from 1% to 5%.

19. A composition comprising the emulsion of claim 15 and a vaccine antigen or immunogen, wherein the vaccine antigen or immunogen is Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae , porcine circovirus 2 or Helicobacter pylori.

20. A composition comprising the emulsion of claim 17 and a vaccine antigen or immunogen, wherein the vaccine antigen or immunogen is Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae , porcine circovirus 2 or Helicobacter pylori.