Electronic ballast having missing lamp detection
An electronic ballast for driving a plurality of gas discharge lamps in parallel includes a rectifier to convert an AC mains input voltage to a rectified voltage, a filter circuit to convert the rectified voltage to a substantially DC bus voltage, an inverter to convert the DC bus voltage to a high-frequency AC voltage for driving the lamp, and an output stage for coupling the high-frequency AC voltage to the lamps. The ballast also includes a plurality of balancing transformers coupled to the lamps for balancing the currents in the lamps. When one of the parallel lamps is missing or faulty, a substantially large voltage is produced across one or more of the balancing transformers. This large voltage is detected by a missing-lamp detect circuit that provides a control signal to a ballast control circuit. In response to a detected missing-lamp condition, the control circuit stops the ballast from driving the lamps. Optionally, the ballast control circuit can transmit a message regarding the missing-lamp condition via an external communication link.
1 . An electronic ballast for driving a plurality of gas discharge lamps in parallel from an AC power supply, comprising:
a front end circuit for converting an AC input voltage from said AC power supply to a substantially DC bus voltage;
an inverter for converting said bus voltage to a high-frequency AC drive voltage to drive said lamps;
an output stage for coupling said high-frequency AC drive voltage to said lamps;
a first balancing transformer coupled to two of said plurality of lamps for balancing the current in said two lamps; and
a control circuit responsive to a voltage produced across said balancing transformer operable to control said inverter.
2 . The electronic ballast according to claim 1 wherein when one of said plurality of lamps is missing or faulty, a missing-lamp voltage is produced by said balancing transformer.
3 . The electronic ballast according to claim 2 , further comprising:
a missing-lamp detect circuit coupled to the balancing transformer for receipt of said missing-lamp voltage; said missing-lamp detect circuit operable to provide a control signal representative of said missing-lamp voltage to said control circuit.
4 . The electronic ballast according to claim 3 , wherein said balancing transformer comprises an auxiliary winding;
wherein said missing-lamp voltage is produced across said auxiliary winding when one of said plurality of lamps is missing or faulty.
5 . The electronic ballast according to claim 4 , further comprising:
a plurality of capacitors in series with each of said plurality of lamps for reducing the DC component of a current in the lamps.
6 . The electronic ballast according to claim 2 , wherein said control circuit causes said inverter to stop providing said high-frequency AC drive voltage when said missing-lamp voltage is produced by said balancing transformer.
7 . The electronic ballast according to claim 2 , wherein said control circuit comprises a microprocessor.
8 . The electronic ballast according to claim 7 , further comprising:
a communication port coupled to said control circuit for coupling to a communication link;
wherein said control circuit is operable to transmit a message on said communication link when said missing-lamp voltage is produced by said balancing transformer.
9 . The electronic ballast according to claim 1 , wherein said output stage is operable to drive three gas discharge lamps in parallel;
said first balancing transformer comprising a first winding and a second winding having a 1:1 turns ratio; said first winding coupled to a first lamp of said three lamps and said second winding coupled to a second lamp of said three lamps;
said ballast further comprising:
a second balancing transformer comprising a third winding and a fourth winding having a 1:1 turns ratio; said third winding coupled to said second winding of said first balancing transformer and said fourth winding coupled to a third lamp of said three lamps; said first and second balancing transformers operable to balance the currents in said three lamps;
wherein when said first lamp or said second lamp is missing or faulty, a first missing-lamp voltage is produced by said first balancing transformer, and when said second lamp or said third lamp is missing or faulty, a second missing-lamp voltage is produced by said second balancing transformer.
10 . The electronic ballast according to claim 9 , further comprising:
a missing-lamp detect circuit for receiving said first and said second missing-lamp voltages and operable to provide a control signal representative of said first or said second missing-lamp voltages to said control circuit.
11 . A method for detecting a missing-lamp condition of an electronic ballast comprising a back end for driving a plurality of gas discharge lamps in parallel; the method comprising the steps of:
providing a balancing transformer coupled to two of said plurality of lamps for balancing the currents in said two lamps;
producing a missing-lamp voltage across said balancing transformer when one of said plurality of lamps is missing or faulty; and
detecting said missing-lamp voltage.
12 . The method of claim 11 , further comprising the step of:
controlling said back end to stop driving said lamps in response to detecting said missing-lamp voltage.
13 . The method of claim 11 , wherein said ballast is coupled to a communication link; further comprising the step of:
transmitting a message on said communication link when the missing-lamp voltage is detected.
14 . The method of claim 11 , wherein said balancing transformer comprises an auxiliary winding; and
wherein the step of producing said missing-lamp voltage comprises producing said missing-lamp voltage across said auxiliary winding.