Process for production of piperidine derivatives

1. A process of preparing a piperidine derivative compound of the formula:

wherein

n is 0 or 1;

R 1 is hydrogen or hydroxy;

R 2 is hydrogen;

or, when n is 0, R 1 and R 2 taken together form a second bond between the carbon atoms bearing R 1 and R 2 , provided that when n is 1, R 1 and R 2 are each hydrogen;

R 3 is —COOH or —COOR 4 ;

R 4 is an alkyl or aryl moiety;

A, B, and D are the substituents of their rings, each of which may be different or the same, and are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogens, alkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, and other substituents,

said process comprising:

providing a regioisomer of the following formula:

wherein

Z is —CG 1 G 2 G 3 ,

G 1 , G 2 , and G 3 are the same or different and are selected from the group consisting of OR 8 ;

X 3 is halogen, OR 15 , SR 15 , NR 15 R 16 , OSO 2 R 15 , or NHSO 2 R 15 ;

R 15 , and R 16 are the same or different and are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, an alkyl moiety, and an aryl moiety;

R 8 is an alkyl moiety and

converting the regioisomer to the piperidine derivative compound with a piperidine compound.

2. A process according to claim 1 , wherein said providing the regioisomer comprises:

acylating an α,α-disubstituted-methylbenzene derivative having the formula:

wherein

X 1 is a halogen, trialkyl or triaryl tin, trialkyl or triaryl borate, trialkyl silicon, alkylhalo silicon, a substituted sulfonic ester, or substituents useful in organometallic coupling reactions

with a compound having the formulae:

wherein

X 2 is hydrogen; a halogen; an alkali metal oxide; a moiety having the formula —OR 10 ; a moiety having the formula —SR 10 ; or an amine; and

R 10 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, an alkyl moiety, and an aryl moiety

under conditions effective to produce the regioisomer.

3. A process according to claim 2 , further comprising:

reacting an α,α-diunsubstituted-methylbenzene derivative having the formula:

with a methylating agent under conditions effective to produce the α,α-disubstituted-methylbenzene derivative.

4. A process according to claim 1 , wherein said providing the regioisomer comprises:

reacting a 4-(α,α-disubstituted)-toluic acid derivative having the formula:

wherein

X 2 is hydrogen; a halogen; an alkali metal oxide; a moiety having the formula —OR 10 ; a moiety having the formula —SR 10 ; or an amine; and

R 10 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, an alkyl moiety, and an aryl moiety

with a compound having the formula:

wherein

X 1 is a halogen, trialkyl or triaryl tin, trialkyl or triaryl borate, trialkyl silicon, alkylhalo silicon, a substituted sulfonic ester, or substituents useful in organometallic coupling reactions

under conditions effective to produce the regioisomer.

5. A process according to claim 4 further comprising:

reacting a 4-(α,α-diunsubstituted)-toluic acid derivative having the formula:

with a methylating agent under conditions effective to produce the 4-(α,α-disubstituted)-toluic acid derivative.

6. A process according to claim 1 , wherein said providing the regioisomer comprises:

providing an α,α-diunsubstituted regioisomer precursor having the formula:

and

methylating the α,α-diunsubstituted regioisomer precursor under conditions effective to produce the regioisomer.

7. A process according to claim 6 , wherein said providing the α,α-diunsubstituted regioisomer precursor comprises:

acylating an α,α-diunsubstituted-methylbenzene derivative having the formula:

wherein

X 1 is a halogen, trialkyl or triaryl tin, trialkyl or triaryl borate, trialkyl silicon, alkylhalo silicon, a substituted sulfonic ester, or substituents useful in organometallic coupling reactions

with a compound having the formulae:

wherein

X 2 is hydrogen; a halogen; an alkali metal oxide; a moiety having the formula —OR 10 ; a moiety having the formula —SR 10 ; or an amine; and

R 10 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, an alkyl moiety, and an aryl moiety

under conditions effective to produce the α,α-diunsubstituted regioisomer precursor.

8. A process according to claim 6 , wherein said providing the α,α-diunsubstituted regioisomer precursor comprises:

reacting a 4-(α,α-diunsubstituted)-toluic acid derivative having the formula:

wherein

X 2 is hydrogen; a halogen; an alkali metal oxide; a moiety having the formula —OR 10 ; a moiety having the formula —SR 10 ; or an amine; and

R 10 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, an alkyl moiety, and an aryl moiety

with a compound having the formula:

wherein

X 1 is a halogen, trialkyl or triaryl tin, trialkyl or triaryl borate, trialkyl silicon, alkylhalo silicon, a substituted sulfonic ester, or substituents useful in organometallic coupling reactions

under conditions effective to produce the c x-diunsubstituted regioisomer precursor.

9. A process according to claim 1 , further comprising:

reducing the piperidine derivative compound under conditions effective to form a hydroxylated piperidine derivative compound of the formula:

10. A process according to claim 9 , wherein the hydroxylated piperidine derivative compound has the formula:

11. A process according to claim 9 , wherein the hydroxylated piperidine derivative compound has the formula:

12. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the piperidine derivative compound has the formula:

13. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the piperidine derivative compound has the formula:

14. A process according to claim 1 , wherein said converting comprises:

hydrolyzing the regioisomer of the formula:

under conditions effective to form a first intermediate compound of the formula:

15. A process according to claim 14 , wherein said converting further comprises:

reacting the first intermediate compound with a piperidine compound of the formula:

under conditions effective to form the piperidine derivative compound of the formula:

16. A process according to claim 14 , wherein said converting further comprises:

esterifying the first intermediate compound to the ester thereof, having the formula:

and

reacting the ester with a piperidine compound of the formula:

under conditions effective to form the piperidine derivative compound of the formula:

17. A process according to claim 16 , further comprising:

hydrolyzing the piperidine derivative compound of the formula:

to a piperidine derivative compound of the formula:

18. A process according to claim 14 , wherein n is 1 and wherein said converting further comprises:

reacting the first intermediate compound with 4-hydroxypiperidine under conditions effective to produce an N-substituted hydroxypiperidine having the formula:

and

reacting the N-substituted hydroxypiperidine with a diphenylhalomethane having the formula:

wherein X 4 is a halogen under conditions effective to form the piperidine compound derivative of the formula:

19. A process according to claim 1 , wherein said converting comprises:

reacting the regioisomer with a piperidine compound of the formula:

under conditions effective to form the piperidine derivative precursor of the formula:

20. A process according to claim 19 , further comprising

converting the piperidine derivative precursor to the piperidine derivative compound of the formula:

21. A process according to claim 19 , further comprising

reducing the piperidine derivative precursor under conditions effective to form a hydroxylated piperidine derivative precursor of the formula:

22. A process according to claim 21 , further comprising

converting the hydroxylated piperidine derivative precursor to a hydroxylated piperidine derivative compound of the formula:

23. A process according to claim 1 , wherein n is 1 and wherein said converting further comprises:

reacting the regioisomer with 4-hydroxypiperidine under conditions effective to produce an N-substituted-hydroxypiperidine having the formula:

and

reacting the N-substituted hydroxypiperidine with a diarylhalomethane having the formula:

wherein X 4 is a halogen under conditions effective to form the piperidine derivative precursor of the formula:

24. A process according to claim 23 , further comprising

converting the piperidine derivative precursor to the piperidine derivative compound of the formula:

25. A process according to claim 23 , further comprising

reducing the piperidine derivative precursor under conditions effective to form a hydroxylated piperidine derivative precursor of the formula:

26. A process according to claim 25 , further comprising

converting the hydroxylated piperidine derivative precursor to a hydroxylated piperidine derivative compound of the formula:

27. A process of preparing a piperidine derivative compound of the formula:

wherein

n is 0 or 1;

R 1 is hydrogen or hydroxy;

R 2 is hydrogen;

or, when n is 0, R 1 and R 2 taken together form a second bond between the carbon atoms bearing R 1 and R 2 , provided that when n is 1, R 1 and R 2 are each hydrogen;

R 3 is —COOH or —COOR 4 ;

R 4 is an alkyl or aryl moiety;

A, B, and D are the substituents of their rings, each of which may be different or the same, and are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogens, alkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, and other substituents,

said process comprising:

providing an α,α-disubstituted-methylbenzene derivative having the formula:

wherein

Z is —CG 1 G 2 G 3 ,

G 1 , G 2 , and G 3 are the same or different and are selected from the group consisting of OR 8 ;

X 1 is a halogen, trialkyl or triaryl tin, trialkyl or triaryl borate, trialkyl silicon, alkylhalo silicon, a substituted sulfonic ester, or substituents useful in organometallic coupling reactions; and

R 8 is an alkyl moiety and

converting the α,α-disubstituted-methylbenzene derivative to the piperidine derivative compound with a piperidine compound.

28. A process according to claim 27 , wherein said providing the α,α-disubstituted-methylbenzene derivative comprises:

reacting an α,α-diunsubstituted-methylbenzene derivative having the formula:

with a methylating agent under conditions effective to produce the α,α-disubstituted-methylbenzene derivative.

29. A process according to claim 27 , further comprising:

reducing the piperidine derivative compound under conditions effective to form a hydroxylated piperidine derivative compound of the formula:

30. A process according to claim 29 , wherein the hydroxylated piperidine derivative compound has the formula:

31. A process according to claim 29 , wherein the hydroxylated piperidine derivative compound has the formula:

32. A process according to claim 27 , wherein the piperidine derivative compound has the formula:

33. A process according to claim 27 , wherein the piperidine derivative compound has the formula:

34. A process according to claim 27 , wherein said converting comprises:

reacting the α-α-disubstituted-methylbenzene derivative with a 4-(4-substituted)piperidin-1-yl)butanal or a 4-(4-substituted)piperidin-1-yl)butyric acid derivative having the formula:

wherein

X 2 is a hydrogen; halogen; an alkali metal oxide; a moiety having the formula —OR 10 ; a moiety having the formula —SR 10 ; or an amine; and

R 10 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, an alkyl moiety, and an aryl moiety

under conditions effective to form a piperidine derivative precursor having the formula:

35. A process according to claim 34 , wherein said converting further comprises:

hydrolyzing the piperidine derivative precursor of the formula:

under conditions effective to form the piperidine derivative having the formula:

36. A process according to claim 27 , wherein n is 1 and wherein said converting comprises:

reacting the α,α-disubstituted-methylbenzene derivative with a 4-(4-substituted-piperidin-1-yl)butanal or a 4-(4-substituted-piperidin-1-yl)butyric acid derivative having the formula:

wherein

X 2 is hydrogen; a halogen; an alkali metal oxide; a moiety having the formula —OR 10 ; a moiety having the formula —SR 10 ; or an amine; and

R 10 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, an alkyl moiety, and an aryl moiety

under conditions effective to produce an N-substituted hydroxypiperidine having the formula:

and

converting the N-substituted hydroxypiperidine with a diarylhalomethane having the formula:

wherein X 4 is a halogen under conditions effective to form the piperidine derivative compound of the formula:

37. A regioisomer having the formula:

wherein

Z is —CG 1 G 2 G 3 ,

G 1 , G 2 , and G 3 are the same or different and are selected from the group consisting of OR 8 ;

X 3 is halogen, OR 15 , SR 15 , NR 15 R 16 , OSO 2 R 15 , or NHSO 2 R 15 ;

R 15 , and R 16 are the same or different and are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, an alkyl moiety, and an aryl moiety;

R 8 is an alkyl moiety; and

A is the substituents of its ring, each of which may be different or the same and are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogens, alkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, and other substituents.

38. A process of preparing a regioisomer of the formula:

wherein

Z is —CG 1 G 2 G 3 ,

G 1 , G 2 , and G 3 are the same or different and are selected from the group consisting of OR 8 ;

X 3 is halogen, OR 15 , SR 15 , NR 15 R 16 , OSO 2 R 15 , or NHSO 2 R 15 ;

R 15 , and R 16 are the same or different and are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, an alkyl moiety, and an aryl moiety;

R 8 is an alkyl moiety; and

A is the substituents of its ring, each of which may be different or the same and are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogens, alkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, and other substituents,

said process comprising:

acylating an α,α-disubstituted-methylbenzene derivative having the formula:

wherein

X 1 is a halogen, trialkyl or triaryl tin, trialkyl or triaryl borate, trialkyl silicon, alkylhalo silicon, a substituted sulfonic ester, or substituents useful in organometallic coupling reactions

with a compound having the formulae:

wherein

X 2 is hydrogen; a halogen; an alkali metal oxide; a moiety having the formula —OR 10 ; a moiety having the formula —SR 10 ; or an amine; and

R 10 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, an alkyl moiety, and an aryl moiety

under conditions effective to produce the regioisomer.

39. A process according to claim 38 further comprising:

reacting an α,α-diunsubstituted-methylbenzene derivative having the formula:

with a methylating agent under conditions effective to produce the α-α-disubstituted-methylbenzene derivative.

40. A process of preparing a regioisomer of the formula:

wherein

Z is —CG 1 G 2 G 3 ,

G 1 , G 2 , and G 3 are the same or different and are selected from the group consisting of OR 8 ;

X 3 is halogen, OR 15 , SR 15 , NR 15 R 16 , OSO 2 R 15 , or NHSO 2 R 15 ;

R 15 , and R 16 are the same or different and are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, an alkyl moiety, and an aryl moiety;

R 8 is an alkyl moiety; and

A is the substituents of its ring, each of which may be different or the same and are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogens, alkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, and other substituents,

said process comprising:

providing an α,α-diunsubstituted regioisomer precursor having the formula:

and

methylating the α,α-diunsubstituted regioisomer precursor under conditions effective to produce the regioisomer.

41. A process according to claim 40 , wherein said providing the α,α-diunsubstituted regioisomer precursor comprises:

acylating an α,α-diunsubstituted-methylbenzene derivative having the formula:

wherein

X 1 is hydrogen; a halogen, trialkyl or triaryl tin, trialkyl or triaryl borate, trialkyl silicon, alkylhalo silicon, a substituted sulfonic ester, or substituents useful in organometallic coupling reactions

with a compound having the formula:

wherein

X 2 is a halogen; an alkali metal oxide; a moiety having the formula —OR 10 ; a moiety having the formula —SR 10 ; or an amine; and

R 10 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, an alkyl moiety, and an aryl moiety

under conditions effective to produce the α,α-diunsubstituted regioisomer precursor.