Battery cathodes
View Patent ↗Batteries and methods of making batteries are disclosed. In some embodiments, a method of making a battery can include contacting a manganese oxide with lithium hydroxide and lithium bromide and/or lithium chloride, and incorporating the manganese oxide into a cathode of the battery.
1. A method of making a battery, the method comprising:
(a) dispersing an unlithiated manganese dioxide in water;
(b) adding lithium hydroxide and at least one lithium salt selected from the group consisting of lithium bromide and lithium chloride to the dispersion of unlithiated manganese dioxide in water to provide a lithiation mixture;
(c) heating the lithiation mixture at a temperature of from about 40° C. to 150° C. to form a lithiated manganese dioxide;
(d) isolating the lithiated manganese dioxide from the water;
(e) heating the isolated lithiated manganese dioxide at a temperature of from 300° C. to about 500° C. in an atmosphere greater than about 21 percent oxygen;
(f) incorporating the lithiated manganese dioxide from step (e) into a cathode for a battery; and
(g) incorporating the cathode into a battery.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein during step (e), the isolated lithiated manganese dioxide is heated in an atmosphere of from about 60 percent to about 100 percent oxygen.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the unlithiated manganese dioxide comprises gamma-manganese dioxide.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the unlithiated manganese dioxide comprises electrolytic manganese dioxide.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein in step (e) the isolated lithiated manganese dioxide is heated at a temperature of from about 400° C. to about 500° C.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein in step (e) the isolated manganese dioxide is heated at a temperature of from about 440° C. to about 490° C.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein in step (e) the isolated lithiated manganese dioxide is heated at a temperature of from about 445° C. to about 455° C.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein in step (e) the isolated lithiated manganese dioxide is heated for at most about 48 hours.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein in step (e) the isolated lithiated manganese dioxide is heated for a period of from about six hours to about 12 hours.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein in step (e) the isolated lithiated manganese dioxide is heated for about one hour.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein in step (c) the lithiation mixture is heated at a temperature of from about 50° C. to about 120° C.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein in step (c) the lithiation mixture is heated at a temperature of about 60° C.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein in step (c) the lithiation mixture is heated at a temperature of about 80° C.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein in step (d) the lithiation mixture is heated at a temperature of about 100° C.