Method and apparatus for mine and unexploded ordnance neutralization
View Patent ↗A method for neutralization of the explosive content of mines and UXO by essentially completely consuming the explosive by combustion or decomposition before any explosion occurs. A charge of a compound that reacts with an extremely high heat-release rate is ignited on or near the casing of the device to be neutralized. The intense exothermic reaction generates high temperature combustion products that will disrupt the casing, thus leading to combustion or decomposition of the explosive. The holes melted in the mine casing enable ignition of a large area of the explosive charge and provide easy access for atmospheric air to support active burnout of the explosive. The apparatus comprises the compound that reacts with a high heat release rate, an ignition source, and a container for the assembly.
1. An apparatus for neutralization of a mine or unexploded ordnance (UXO), said apparatus comprising:
(a) a first container containing a reactive compound that undergoes a self propagating high temperature synthesis (SHS) reaction to produce high temperature reaction products, wherein the reactive compound is selected from the group consisting of (i) a combination of carbon and a metal that undergoes an SHS reaction with carbon to form a carbide, (ii) a combination of boron and a metal that undergoes an SHS reaction with boron to form a boride, (iii) a combination of silicon and a metal that undergoes an SHS reaction with silicon to form a silicide, (iv) a combination of at least two metals selected from the group consisting of aluminum, nickel, and titanium that in combination undergo an SHS reaction to form an intermetallic alloy; and (v) a combination of sulfur and a metal that undergoes an SHS reaction with sulfur to form a chalcogenide, and wherein said first container has an opening through which the high temperature reaction products flow toward the mine or UXO; and
(b) an igniter for igniting the reactive compound to start the SHS reaction.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising
(c) a second container containing an oxygen releasing compound, wherein the second container has an opening through which oxygen-rich gas flows toward the mine or UXO.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first container comprises thermally insulating material selected from the group consisting of clay ceramic, refractory ceramic, porous refractory, and blends thereof.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a plurality of igniters arranged in association with the SHS compound as to form a reaction front in the SHS compound that directs heat flow toward the casing.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising means for limiting the spread of any liquid high temperature reaction products.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the reactive compound is an essentially stoichiometric combination of carbon and a metal selected from the group consisting of hafnium, zirconium, titanium, silicon, and blends thereof.
7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the reactive compound is an essentially stoichiometric combination of boron and a metal selected from the group consisting of titanium, zirconium, tantalum, molybdenum, and blends thereof.
8. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the reactive compound is an essentially stoichiometric combination of silicon and a metal selected from the group consisting of titanium, zirconium, molybdenum, and blends thereof.
9. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the reactive compound is an essentially stoichiometric combination of sulfur and a metal selected from the group consisting of chromium, indium, titanium, manganese, iron, and blends thereof.
10. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the reactive compound comprises particles having particle size less than about 100 microns.
11. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the reactive compound comprises particles having particle size less than about 50 microns.
12. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the reactive compound comprises particles having particle size less than about 25 microns.
13. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the reactive compound comprises particles having particle size less than about 1 micron.
14. A mine or ordnance comprising (i) explosive in a casing and (ii) a neutralization apparatus, said neutralization apparatus comprising
(a) a first container containing a reactive compound that undergoes a self propagating high temperature synthesis (SHS) reaction to produce high temperature reaction products, wherein the reactive compound is selected from the group consisting of (i) a combination of carbon and a metal that undergoes an SHS reaction with carbon to form a carbide, (ii) a combination of boron and a metal that undergoes an SHS reaction with boron to form a boride, (iii) a combination of silicon and a metal that undergoes an SHS reaction with silicon to form a silicide, (iv) a combination of at least two metals selected from the group consisting of aluminum, nickel, and titanium that in combination undergo an SHS reaction to form an intermetallic alloy; and (v) a combination of sulfur and a metal that undergoes an SHS reaction with sulfur to form a chalcogenide, and wherein said first container has an opening through which the high temperature reaction products flow toward the casing; and
(b) an igniter for igniting the reactive compound to start the SHS reaction.
15. The mine or ordnance of claim 14 , the neutralization apparatus further comprising:
(c) a second container containing an oxygen releasing compound, wherein the second container has an opening through which oxygen-rich gas flows toward the casing and the explosive.
16. The mine or ordnance of claim 14 , wherein the first container comprises thermally insulating material selected from the group consisting of clay ceramic, refractory ceramic, porous refractory, and blends thereof.
17. The mine or ordnance of claim 14 , further comprising a plurality of igniters arranged in association with the SHS compound as to form a reaction front in the SHS compound that directs heat flow toward the casing.