Constrained cis-diol-borate bioconjugation system

1. A bioconjugation system, comprising a sterically constrained cis-diol and a borate represented respectively by:

wherein:

R 1 is C2-C16 alkyl ether, C1-C16 alkoxy or C1-C16 alkyl;

R 1 is an aryl, aralkyl, C1-C16 alkyl, or C1-C16 alkoxy group;

wherein the cis-diol and borate are bonded through the hydroxyl groups to form a conjugate represented by:

X is —NH—, —C(O)NH—, —NHC(O)— or —S—;

X′ is a bond, —O—, —S—, —C(O)—, —C(O)O—, —S(O)—, —OSO 2 —, —S(O 2 )O—, —SO 2 —, —NR 3 —, —NR 3 C(O)—, —C(O)NR 3 C—, —R 3 NNR 3 SO 2 —, —SO 2 NR 3 NR 3 —, —NR 3 SO 2 —, —SO 2 NR 3 —, —CR 3 2 C(O)NR 3 —, —NR 3 C(O)CR 3 2 , —CR 3 2 C(O)—, —C(O)CR 3 2 —, —R 3 NNR 3 —, —NR 3 NR 3 —, —R 3 NNR 3 2 —, —NR 3 2 NR 3 —, —CR 3 2 Ph—, —PhCR 3 2 —, —C(NR 3 )NR 3 —, or —NR 3 C(NR 3 )—;

each R 3 is independently —H, alkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy or arylalkoxy;

Y is a solid support;

Y′ is a bioactive molecule comprising one or more peptides;

n is an integer from 10 to 10 10 ; and

n′ is an integer from 1 to 200.

2. The system of claim 1 , wherein n′ is 1.

3. The system of claim 2 , wherein in aqueous 0.10 M phosphate buffer at 25° C. and pH 7.4, the conjugate has a dissociation rate of less than about 1×10 4 s −1 .

4. The system of claim 2 , wherein the solid support comprises gold, silver, platinum, aluminum, or copper.

5. The system of claim 2 , wherein the solid support is in the form of a bead, a microsphere, nanoparricle, gel, membrane, surface, film, porous matrix, or interior surface of a microchannel.

6. The system of claim 2 , wherein the solid support is a nanoparticle comprising cadmium sulfide, cadmium selenide, cadmium telluride, silicon, or gallium arsenide.

7. The system of claim 2 , wherein the solid support comprises optionally substituted polyalkylene, polyvinylene, polystyrene, polyethylene oxide, nitrocellulose, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl dichloride, polyfluoroalkylene, polyamide, polydialkylsiloxane, glass, silica, or quartz.

8. The system of claim 2 , wherein the solid support has a conductive layer for surface plasmon resonance.

9. The system of claim 2 , wherein X is —S— and R 1 is —(CH 2 2 O(CH 2 ) 8 — or —(CH 2 ) 11 —.

10. The system of claim 2 , wherein the cis-diol and borate form a stable conjugate represented by:

11. The system of claim 2 , wherein R 1 is C6-C12 alkyl.

12. The system of claim 2 , wherein R 1 is C1-C3 alkyl.

13. The system of claim 12 , wherein the cis-diol and borate form a stable conjugate represented by:

14. The system of claim 2 , wherein the cis-diol and borate form a stable conjugate represented by:

15. The system of claim 14 , wherein the cis-diol and borate form a stable conjugate represented by:

16. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a plurality of each of the sterically constrained cis-diols and the borates; wherein:

Y′ is for each corresponding borate, a distinct bioactive molecule selected from a plurality of distinct bioactive molecules; and

each corresponding n′ is an integer from 1 to 3,

whereby the bioconjugation system comprises a library of distinct bioactive molecules.

17. The system of claim 16 , wherein each bioactive molecule has a molecular weight between about 50 and about 5000 daltons.

18. The system of claim 17 , wherein each bioactive molecule is a product of chemical synthesis or combinatorial synthesis.

19. The system of claim 18 , wherein:

Y′ is independently for each borate, a distinct bioactive molecule;

Y is independently for each cis-diol, a spatially distinct reaction site in an array; and

n′ is 1.

20. A method of preparing a conjugate represented by:

comprising reacting a sterically constrained cis-diol and a borate represented respectively by:

under conditions suitable for reaction between the constrained cis-diol and the borate, thereby forming the conjugate, wherein:

R 1 is C2-C16 alkyl ether, C1-C16 alkoxy or C1-C16 alkyl;

R 1 is an aryl, aralkyl, C1-C16 alkyl, or C1-C16 alkoxy group;

X is —NH—, —C(O)NH—, —NHC(O)— or—S—;

X′ is a bond, —O—, —S—, —C(O)—, —C(O)O—, —S(O)—, —OSO 2 —, —S(O 2 )O—, —SO 2 —, —NR 3 —, —NR 3 C(O)—, —C(O)NR 3 C—, —R 3 NNR 3 SO 2 —, —SO 2 NR 3 NR 3 —, —NR 3 SO 2 —, —SO 2 NR 3 —, —CR 3 2 C(O)NR 3 —, —NR 3 C(O)CR 3 2 , —CR 3 2 C(O)—, —C(O)CR 3 2 —, —R 3 NNR 3 —, —NR 3 NR 3 —, —R 3 NNR 3 2 —, —NR 3 2 NR 3 —, —CR 3 2 Ph—, —PhCR 3 2 —, —C(NR 3 )NR 3 —, or —NR 3 C(NR 3 )—;

each R 3 is independently —H, alkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy or arylalkoxy;

Y is a solid support;

Y′ is a bioactive molecule comprising one or more peptides;

n is an integer from 10 to 10 10 ; and

n′ is an integer from 1 to 200.

21. The method of claim 20 , wherein n′ is 1.

22. The method of claim 21 , wherein in aqueous 0.10M phosphate butter at 25° C. and pH 7.4, the conjugate has a dissociation rate of less than about 1×10 4 s −1 .

23. The method of claim 21 , wherein the solid support comprises gold, silver, platinum, aluminum, or copper.

24. The method of claim 21 , wherein the solid support is in the form of a bead, a microsphere, nanoparticle, gel, membrane, surface, film, porous matrix, or interior surface of a microchannel.

25. The method of claim 21 , wherein the solid support is a nanoparticle comprising cadmium sulfide, cadmium selenide, cadmium relluride, silicon, or gallium arsenide.

26. The method of claim 21 , wherein the solid support comprises optionally substituted polyalkylene, polyvinylene, polystyrene, polyethylene oxide, nitrocellulose, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl dichloride, polyfluoroalkylene, polyamide, polydialkylsiloxane, glass, silica, or quartz.

27. The method of claim 21 , wherein the solid support includes a conductive layer for surface plasmon resonance.

28. The method of claim 27 , further comprising constructing an array by preparing the conjugate at a plurality of spatially distinct reaction sites on the solid support.

29. The method of claim 28 , wherein each spatially distinct reaction site in the array has an average diameter of between about 5 μm and about 1000 μm.

30. The method of claim 28 , wherein the spatially distinct reaction sites in the array are in a surface density of between about 12 sites per cm 2 and about 50,000 sites per cm 2 .

31. The method of claim 30 , further comprising preparing the conjugate at two or more reaction sites in the array to be compositionally distinct by:

contacting a first site with the cis-diol or the borate having the bioactive molecule, in an amount distinct from that employed at a second site; or

contacting a first site with a first cis-diol or borate containing a first bioactive molecule and contacting a second site with a second cis-diol or borate containing a second bioactive molecule.

32. The method of claim 31 , further comprising determining the extent of conjugation at the first and the second site.

33. The method of claim 21 , wherein X is —S— and R 1 is —(CH 2 ) 2 O(CH 2 ) 8 — or —(CH 2 ) 11 —.

34. The method of claim 21 , wherein the cis-diol and borate form a stable conjugate represented by:

35. The method of claim 34 , wherein R 1 is C6-C12 alkyl.

36. The method of claim 34 , wherein R 1 is C1-C3 alkyl.

37. The method of claim 36 , wherein the cis-diol and borate form a stable conjugate represented by:

38. The method of claim 21 , wherein the cis-diol and borate form a stable conjugate represented by:

39. The method of claim 38 , wherein the cis-diol and borate form a stable conjugate represented by:

40. The method of claim 20 , further comprising a plurality of each of the sterically constrained cis-diols and the borates; wherein:

Y′ is for each corresponding borate, a distinct bioactive molecule selected from a plurality of distinct bioactive molecules; and

each corresponding n or n′ is an integer from 1 to 3,

whereby the bioconjugation system is prepared as a library of distinct bioactive molecules.

41. The method of claim 40 , wherein each distinct bioactive molecule has a molecular weight between about 50 and about 5000 daltons.

42. The method of claim 41 , wherein each distinct bioactive molecule is a product of chemical synthesis or combinatorial synthesis.

43. The method of claim 42 , further comprising:

combining a target molecule with each distinct bioactive molecule.

44. The method of claim 43 , wherein:

Y′ is independently for each borate, a distinct bioactive molecule;

Y is independently for each cis-diol, a spatially distinct reaction site in an at-ray, and

n′ is 1.