Power source device and charge controlling method to be used in same
View Patent ↗A power source device is provided which is capable of charging a secondary cell in a stable manner even in an environment in which power generated by a solar cell varies due to changes in sunlight intensity and/or ambient temperatures. By power generated by a solar cell module, an electric double-layer capacitor is charged and, by using a charging voltage of the electric double-layer capacitor, a booster-type DC-DC (Direct Current-Direct Current) converter is driven. A charge on/off controlling circuit detects the voltage of the electric double-layer capacitor and, when the voltage exceeds a high level threshold voltage, keeps a charge controlling signal (output signal from a terminal) in an active mode and performs a charge starting operation and, after that, when the voltage of the electric double-layer capacitor reaches a low level threshold value, holds the charge controlling signal in a non-active mode and performs a charge stopping operation.
1. A power source device comprising:
a solar cell module;
an electric double-layer capacitor;
a first reverse-current preventing element and a current limiting element connected in series between the solar cell module and the electric double-layer capacitor;
an overvoltage protecting element connected in parallel with the electric double-layer capacitor;
a secondary cell pack;
a secondary cell charge controlling circuit connected to the secondary cell pack for controlling a charging current or voltage to the secondary cell pack, the secondary cell charge controlling circuit including a charge controlling switch and a gate switch, the charge controlling switch controlling a charging current to the secondary cell pack;
a DC Direct Current-DC converter connected in series with the electric double-layer capacitor and the charge controlling switch of the secondary cell charge controlling circuit to supply an electric current for charging the secondary cell pack; and
a charge on/off controlling circuit connected to the electric double-layer capacitor and controlling the secondary cell charge controlling circuit, the charge on/off controlling circuit including a capacitor detecting circuit and a gate switch controlling circuit powered by the DC-DC converter, the capacitor detecting circuit including a low voltage detector and a low voltage threshold VL reference voltage source, a high voltage detector and a high voltage threshold VH reference voltage source wherein VL<VH, when the charging voltage of the electric double-layer capacitor is lower than the threshold voltage “VL”, a Low signal having a low level is output from an output terminal VDL of the low voltage detector and, when the charging voltage of the electric double-layer capacitor is higher than the threshold voltage “VL”, a High signal having a high level is output from an output terminal VDH of the high voltage detector, the threshold voltage “VL” having a hysteresis in a range between VL(−) and VL(+) and, when the charging voltage of the electric double-layer capacitor is lower than the threshold voltage “VH”, a Low signal is output from the output terminal VDL of the low voltage detector and when the charging voltage of the electric double-layer capacitor is higher than the threshold voltage “VH” a High signal is output from an output terminal VDH of the high voltage detector, the threshold voltage “VH” having a hysteresis in a range between VH(−) and VH(+), the gate switch controlling circuit including a set/reset flip-flop circuit and responsive to a signal from the VDL terminal to be reset and responsive to a signal from the VDH terminal to be set, an output of the set/reset flip-flop controlling the gate switch of the secondary cell charge controlling circuit.
2. The power source device according to claim 1 , wherein the secondary cell charge controlling circuit further includes:
a charging method selecting switch connected to the charge controlling switch by the gate switch;
a second reverse-current preventing element and a charging current detecting element connected in series between the charge controlling switch and the secondary cell pack;
a charging voltage detecting element connected in parallel with the secondary cell pack;
a CC Constant Current charge controlling circuit connected to a first terminal of the charging method selecting switch, the CC charge controlling circuit being responsive to the charging current detecting element to control a current level of a gate of the charge controlling switch so that a charging current detected by the charging current detecting element becomes a specified constant current; and
a CV Constant Voltage charge controlling circuit connected to a second termnal of the charging method selecting switch, the CV charge controlling circuit being responsive to the charging voltage detecting element to control a voltage level of the gate of the charge controlling switch so that a charging current detected by the charging voltage detecting element becomes a specified constant voltage,
wherein the secondary cell charge controlling circuit can be put in states of three types of operations depending on a state of the switches including the gate switch and the charging method selecting switch.
3. A power source device according to claim 1 , further comprising:
an output converter mounted in a back-stage in a secondary cell pack, the output converter including a second DC-DC converter and a third DC-DC converter, input terminals of the second and third DC-DC converters being commonly connected to a positive polarity terminal of the secondary cell pack;
a first load connected to an output of the second DC-DC converter; and
a second load connected to an output of the third DC-DC converter, wherein stabilized power is fed to the first and second loads from the second and third DC-DC converters.
4. The power source device according to claim 3 , wherein the secondary cell charge controlling circuit further includes:
a charging method selecting switch connected to the charge controlling switch by the gate switch;
a second reverse-current preventing element and a charging current detecting element connected in series between the charge controlling switch and the secondary cell pack;
a charging voltage detecting element connected in parallel with the secondary cell pack;
a CC Constant Current charge controlling circuit connected to a first terminal of the charging method selecting switch, the CC charge controlling circuit being responsive to the charging current detecting element to control a current level of a gate of the charge controlling switch so that a charging current detected by the charging current detecting element becomes a specified constant current; and
a CV Constant Voltage charge controlling circuit connected to a second termnal of the charging method selecting switch, the CV charge controlling circuit being responsive to the charging voltage detecting element to control a voltage level of the gate of the charge controlling switch so that a charging current detected by the charging voltage detecting element becomes a specified constant voltage,
wherein the secondary cell charge controlling circuit can be put in states of three types of operations depending on a state of the switches including the gate switch and the charging method selecting switch.
5. A power source device according to claim 1 , wherein the electric double layer capacitor comprises a main capacitor and a sub-capacitor, and wherein the overvoltage protecting device comprises a main capacitor overvoltage protecting element and a sub-capacitor overvoltage protecting element, and the reverse-current preventing element comprises a main capacitor reverse-current preventing element and a sub-capacitor reverse-current preventing element, the power source device further comprising:
a charging capacitor selecting circuit, the charging capacitor selecting circuit comprising a selection switch controlling circuit and a selecting switch, the selection switch controlling circuit controlling the selecting switch according to a selection switch control signal output from the charge on/off controlling circuit;
a capacitor charging voltage comparing circuit, the capacitor charging voltage comparing circuit comprising a comparator to compare a voltage of the main capacitor with a voltage of the sub-capacitor and to output a switch controlling signal; and
a sub-capacitor discharge controlling circuit, the sub-capacitor discharge controlling circuit comprising a discharge switch, a sub-capacitor voltage detecting circuit, and a discharge switch controlling circuit the discharge switch having a control terminal first and second contacts, the sub-capacitor voltage detecting circuit having a Vsub detector to compare a voltage of the sub-capacitor with a threshold voltage “VS” of a reference voltage source to output a switch controlling signal “VDS” to the discharge switch, wherein the Vsub detector has a hysteresis characteristic.
6. The power source device according to claim 5 , wherein the secondary cell charge controlling circuit further includes:
a charging method selecting switch connected to the charge controlling switchby the gate switch;
a second reverse-current preventing element and a charging current detecting element connected in series between the charge controlling switch and the secondary cell pack;
a charging voltage detecting element connected in parallel with the secondary cell pack;
a CC Constant Current charge controlling circuit connected to a first terminal of the charging method selecting switch, the CC charge controlling circuit being responsive to the charging current detecting element to control a current level of a gate of the charge controlling switch so that a charging current detected by the charging current detecting element becomes a specified constant current; and
a CV Constant Voltage charge controlling circuit connected to a second termnal of the charging method selecting switch, the CV charge controlling circuit being responsive to the charging voltage detecting element to control a voltage level of the gate of the charge controlling switch so that a charging current detected by the charging voltage detecting element becomes a specified constant voltage,
wherein the secondary cell charge controlling circuit can be put in states of three types of operations depending on a state of the switches including the gate switch and the charging method selecting switch.