Organic species that facilitate charge transfer to or from nanostructures

1. A method of synthesizing an organic composition that facilitates charge transfer for use in a nanostructure-containing device, the method comprising:

a) providing a body structure comprising a conjugated organic precursor, wherein the conjugated organic precursor comprises at least three positions available for attachment of substituent modules;

b) providing a first substituent module comprising a thiophene derivative which comprises diethylphosphite;

c) providing a second substituent module, wherein the second substituent module comprises an alkyne derivative comprising between three and 22 carbons; and

d) optionally providing a third substituent module, wherein the optional third substituent module comprises an alkyl derivative comprising between one and 22 carbons;

e) coupling the first substituent module at a first position, coupling the second substituent module at a second position, and optionally coupling the third substituent module at a third position, thereby synthesizing the organic composition, wherein coupling the first substituent module comprises performing a palladium-catalyzed phosphite-aryl coupling;

wherein coupling of the modules to the body structure does not destroy an electronic conjugation of the body structure, and,

wherein at least one substituent of the first, second or third substituent modules is capable of binding to a nanostructure surface or is already bound to a nanostructure surface.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first substituent module comprises an aryl-thiophene moiety and wherein coupling the first substituent module comprises:

a) performing a Stille coupling to form an iodinated intermediate;

b) exchanging an iodine substituent of the iodinated intermediate for a TMS substituent; and,

c) coupling a phosphite group to the aryl portion of the bound first substituent module via a palladium-catalyzed mechanism.

3. A method of synthesizing an organic composition that facilitates charge transfer for use in a nanostructure-containing device, the method comprising:

a) providing a body structure comprising a conjugated organic precursor, wherein the conjugated organic precursor comprises at least three positions available for attachment of substituent modules;

b) providing a head group comprising a first substituent module, wherein the first substituent module comprises a phosphonic acid derivative, a carboxylic acid derivative, an amine derivative, a phosphine derivative, a thiol derivative, a thiophene derivative, or a combination thereof;

c) coupling the head group to an external surface of a nanocrystal, thereby providing a nanocrystal-bound composition;

d) providing a second substituent module, wherein the second substituent module comprises an alkyne derivative comprising between three and 22 carbons; and

e) optionally providing a third substituent module, wherein the optional third substituent module comprises an alkyl derivative comprising between one and 22 carbons;

f) coupling the first substituent module at a first position, coupling the second substituent module at a second position, and optionally coupling the third substituent module at a third position, thereby synthesizing the organic composition; and

wherein coupling of the modules to the body structure does not destroy an electronic conjugation of the body structure.

4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the nanostructure comprises CdTe or InP.

5. The method of claim 3 , wherein coupling the head group to the external surface of the nanostructure comprises interacting one or more free electrons in the head group with proximal metal moieties of the nanostructure.

6. The method of claim 3 , further comprising:

g) polymerizing the organic composition after coupling the composition to the nanocrystal surface, thereby forming a polymerized organic composition.