Design of a large battery pack for a hybrid locomotive
The present invention is directed to systems for prolonging battery life, such as maintaining battery cell temperatures in battery packs within specified limits, providing vibration and shock resistance, and/or electrically isolating groups of batteries from nearby conductive surfaces.
1. A battery pack assembly, comprising: a plurality of battery cells; a battery rack; and a plurality of isolation containers supportably mounted on and movably engaging the battery rack, each isolation container comprising a plurality of battery cells, wherein each isolation container comprises a vibration resistant clamp engaging at least one surface of a battery cell to substantially maintain shock and vibration levels within predetermined maximum values, said clamp comprising a gas flow channel in fluid communication with at least one gas vent of the battery cells to direct vented gas into the isolation container, wherein the clamp is configured to center each of the battery cells in the isolation container, and wherein each isolation container comprises at least one of the following features:
(i) an airflow path passing through the isolation container to remove thermal energy from the enclosed battery cells; and
(ii) an electrical isolation assembly to substantially inhibit contact of at least a portion of each battery cell with a conductive surface of at least one of the isolation container and battery rack.
2. The battery pack of claim 1 , wherein each isolation container includes feature (i) and a surface of the airflow path is provided by a surface of the outer casings of the enclosed battery cells.
3. The battery park of claim 2 , wherein each isolation container includes an air input and output and wherein the air input and output are located on differing surfaces of the isolation container to provide the airflow path.
4. The battery pack of claim 3 , wherein the isolation container comprises a fan positioned in the airflow path.
5. The battery pack of claim 3 , wherein in each battery cell the outer case casings house a plurality of plate pairs and wherein the airflow path is defined by a plurality of interlocking ducts molded into the outer casings of a number of adjacent plate pairs.
6. The battery pack of claim 1 , wherein each isolation container includes feature (ii).
7. The battery pack of claim 6 , wherein the electrical isolation assembly is the vibration resistant clamp and wherein the vibration resistant clamp is electrically insulative.
8. The battery pack of claim 7 , wherein the clamp further comprises at least one of polyurethane, polyethylene, nylon, polytetrafluoroethylene, and mixtures thereof.
9. The battery pack of claim 1 , wherein each isolation container is an enclosure comprising end surfaces, top and bottom surfaces, and side surfaces, wherein each isolation container moves outwardly in a drawer-like manner, and wherein the top surfaces comprise at least one inspection door for accessing the enclosed battery cells when the isolation container is displaced outwardly from the battery rack.
10. A battery pack assembly, comprising: a plurality of battery cells; a battery rack; and a plurality of isolation containers supportably mounted on and movably engaging the battery rack, each isolation container comprising a plurality of battery cells, wherein each isolation container is an enclosure comprising end surfaces, top and bottom surfaces, and side surfaces, wherein each isolation container moves outwardly in a drawer-like manner, and wherein the top surfaces comprise at least one inspection door for accessing the enclosed battery cells when the isolation container is displaced outwardly from the battery rack.