Low frequency doubler
View Patent ↗A circuit and corresponding method for doubling the frequency of an input signal, even when the input signal is of low frequency or a square wave. The input signal is applied to a phase-shifting circuit that produces a pair of output signals that are theoretically 90° apart in phase, but may lack the desired form if the original input signal is of low frequency. The waveforms of the two output signals are enhanced in latching hysteresis buffers that produce more uniformly squared waves, with zero crossings corrected to be more exactly 90° apart and with desirably steep state transitions. The enhanced-waveform output signals are coupled to an exclusive OR (XOR) gate to produce a double-frequency output.
1. A frequency doubling circuit, comprising:
a phase shifting circuit for generating from an input signal a pair of output signals having waveforms that are separated in phase by approximately 90°;
a pair of hysteresis buffers, operative to enhance the waveforms of the pair of output signals, such that the waveforms have desirably steep transitions and are separated more precisely by a 90° phase difference, each of the hysteresis buffers comprising:
a differential pair of transistors to which one of the pair of output signals is applied as an input, the transistors having two possible switching states in which one or the other of the transistors is latched in a conductive condition; and
first and second feedback circuits cross-coupling the outputs of the transistors to their inputs, wherein a gradual change in input signal level results in rapid latching of the pair of transistors in one of its two switching states; and
an exclusive OR (XOR) gate, for logically combining the enhanced pair of output signals to produce a single output signal of double the frequency of the input signal.
2. A frequency doubling circuit as defined in claim 1 , wherein the phase shifting circuit is a resistance-capacitance/capacitance-resistance (RC/CR) filter.
3. A frequency doubling circuit as defined in claim 1 , wherein each of the feedback circuits includes a feedback impedance that is selectable to control a latching voltage.
4. A frequency doubling circuit as defined in claim 3 , wherein the latching voltage is selected to provide for buffer latching when the pair of output signals are as nearly as possible separated in phase by 90°.
5. A method for doubling the frequency of an input signal, comprising:
generating from the input signal a pair of output signals that are separated in phase by approximately 90°;
applying as an input each of the pair of output signals to a differential pair of transistors, the transistors having two possible switching states in which one or the other of the transistors is latched in a conductive condition;
cross-coupling the outputs of the transistors to their inputs, through first and second feedback circuits, wherein a gradual change in input signal level results in rapid latching of the pair of transistors in one of its two switching states, such that the waveforms have desirably steep transitions and are separated more precisely by a 90° phase difference; and
logically combining the enhanced pair of output signals in an exclusive OR (XOR) gate, to produce a single output signal of double the frequency of the input signal.
6. A method as defined in claim 5 , wherein the step of generating a pair of output signals is performed in a phase shifting circuit that is a resistance-capacitance/capacitance-resistance (RC/CR) filter.
7. A method as defined in claim 5 , further comprising selecting feedback impedance values in the feedback circuits, to control selection of a latching voltage.
8. A method as defined in claim 7 , wherein the latching voltage is selected to provide for buffer latching when the pair of output signals are as nearly as possible separated in phase by 90.