Method of polycarbonate preparation
View Patent ↗Polycarbonates containing low or undetectable levels of Fries rearrangement products and comprising repeat units derived from one or more of resorcinol, hydroquinone, methylhydroquinone, bisphenol A, and 4,4′-biphenol have been prepared by the melt reaction of one or more of the aforementioned dihydroxy aromatic compounds with an ester-substituted diaryl carbonate such as bis-methyl salicyl carbonate. Low, or in many instances undetectable, levels of Fries rearrangement products are found in the product polycarbonates obtained as the combined result of a highly effective catalyst system which suppresses the Fries reaction and the use of lower melt polymerization temperatures relative to temperatures required for the analogous polymerization reactions using diphenyl carbonate.
1. A polycarbonate prepared by melt polymerization reaction of an ester-substituted diaryl carbonate with a dihydroxy aromatic compound, said polycarbonate comprising repeat units derived from the dihydroxy aromatic carbonate coupled via internal carbonate and ester carbonate linkages, and terminal hydroxyl and hydroxyl ester groups, wherein said polycarbonate has:
(a) a weight average molecular weight of between 10,000 and 100,000 Dalton;
(b) less than 1% of chain ends bearing free hydroxy groups, less than 100 parts per million Fries product;
(c) less than 1 mole percent of internal ester carbonate linkages relative to total number of moles of dihydroxy aromatic compound reacted; and
(d) less than 1 mole percent of terminal hydroxy ester groups relative to total number of moles of dihydroxy aromatic compound reacted.
2. The polycarbonate of claim 1 wherein said polycarbonate has a weight average molecular weight of between 15,000 and 60,000 Daltons.
3. The polycarbonate of claim 1 wherein said ester-substituted diaryl carbonate is selected from the group consisting of bis-methyl salicyl carbonate, bis-ethyl salicyl carbonate, bis-propyl salicyl carbonate, bis-butyl salicyl carbonate, and bis-benzyl salicyl carbonate.
4. The polycarbonate of claim 1 wherein said ester-substituted diaryl carbonate is bis-methyl salicyl carbonate.
5. The polycarbonate of claim 1 wherein the polycarbonate further comprises endgroups derived from an exogenous monofunctional phenol.
6. The polycarbonate of claim 5 wherein the exogenous monofunctional phenol is selected from the group consisting of 2,6-xylenol, p-t-butylphenol, p-cresol, cardanol, p-cumylphenol, p-nonylphenol, p-octadecylphenol, 1-naphthol, and 2-naphthol.
7. The polycarbonate of claim 1 wherein the polycarbonate is a polyester carbonate.
8. The polycarbonate of claim 1 wherein the dihydroxy aromatic compound is selected from the group consisting of resorcinol, methylresorcinol, hydroquinone, and methylhydroquinone is reacted to prepare the polycarbonate.
9. The polycarbonate of claim 1 wherein the polycarbonate is a copolycarbonate wherein a first dihydroxy aromatic compound and a second dihydroxy aromatic compound are reacted to prepare the polycarbonate, and wherein
the first dihydroxy aromatic compound is selected from the group consisting of resorcinol, methylresorcinol, hydroquinone, and methylhydroquinone,
the second aromatic dihydroxy compound is different from the first aromatic dihydroxy compound and is selected from the group consisting of resorcinol, methylresorcinol, hydroquinone, methylhydroquinone, bisphenols having the structure
wherein R 5 –R 12 are independently a hydrogen atom, halogen atom, nitro group, cyano group, C 1 –C 20 alkyl radical, C 4 –C 20 cycloalkyl radical, or C 6 –C 20 aryl radical,
W is a bond, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a SO 2 group, a C 6 –C 20 aromatic radical, a C 6 –C 20 cycloaliphatic radical, or the group
wherein R 13 and R 14 are independently a hydrogen atom, C 1 –C 20 alkyl radical, C 4 –C 20 cycloalkyl radical, or C 4 –C 20 aryl radical, or
R 13 and R 14 together form a C 4 –C 20 cycloaliphatic ring which is optionally substituted by one or more C 1 –C 20 alkyl, C 6 –C 20 aryl, C 5 –C 21 aralkyl, C 5 –C 20 cycloalkyl groups, or a combination thereof;
dihydroxy benzenes having structure III
wherein R 15 is independently at each occurrence a hydrogen atom, halogen atom, nitro group, cyano group, C 2 –C 20 alkyl radical, C 4 –C 20 cycloalkyl radical, or a C 4 –C 20 aryl radical, and d is an integer from 1 to 4; and
dihydroxy naphthalenes having structures IV and V
wherein R 16 ,R 17 ,R 18 and R 9 are independently at each occurrence a hydrogen atom, halogen atom, nitro group, cyano group, C 1 –C 20 alkyl radical, C 4 –C 20 cycloalkyl radical, or a C 4 –C 20 aryl radical, e and f are integers of from 0 to 3, g is an integer from 0 to 4, and h is an integer from 0 to 2.
10. The polycarbonate of claim 9 wherein the first aromatic dihydroxy compound is resorcinol and the second aromatic dihydroxy compound is 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane (i.e. bisphenol A).
11. The polycarbonate of claim 9 wherein said polycarbonate has a weight average molecular weight of between 15,000 and 60,000 Daltons.
12. The polycarbonate of claim 9 wherein said ester-substituted diaryl carbonate is selected from the group consisting of bis-methyl salicyl carbonate, bis-ethyl salicyl carbonate, bis-propyl salicyl carbonate, bis-butyl salicyl carbonate, and bis-benzyl salicyl carbonate.
13. The polycarbonate of claim 9 wherein said ester-substituted diaryl carbonate is bis-methyl salicyl carbonate.
14. The polycarbonate of claim 9 wherein the polycarbonate further comprises endgroups derived from an exogenous monofunctional phenol.
15. The polycarbonate of claim 14 wherein the exogenous monofunctional phenol is selected from the group consisting of 2,6-xylenol, p-t-butylphenol, p-cresol, cardanol, p-cumylphenol, p-nonylphenol, p-octadecylphenol, 1-naphthol, and 2-naphthol.
16. The polycarbonate of claim 9 wherein the polycarbonate is a polyester carbonate.
17. A formulation comprising:
a polycarbonate prepared by melt polymerization reaction of an ester-substituted diaryl carbonate with a dihydroxy aromatic compound, said polycarbonate comprising repeat units derived from the dihydroxy aromatic carbonate coupled via internal carbonate and ester carbonate linkages, and terminal hydroxyl and hydroxyl ester groups, wherein said polycarbonate has:
(a) a weight average molecular weight of between 10,000 and 100,000 Dalton;
(b) less than 1% of chain ends bearing free hydroxy groups, less than 100 parts per million Fries product;
(c) less than 1 mole percent of internal ester carbonate linkages relative to total number of moles of dihydroxy aromatic compound reacted; and
(d) less than 1 mole percent of terminal hydroxy ester groups relative to total number of moles of dihydroxy aromatic compound reacted; and
one or more additional components selected from the group consisting of heat stabilizers, mold release agents, UV stabilizers, polycarbonates, polyestercarbonates, polyesters and olefin polymers.
18. A molded article formed from polycarbonate prepared by melt polymerization reaction of an ester-substituted diaryl carbonate with a dihydroxy aromatic compound, said polycarbonate comprising repeat units derived from the dihydroxy aromatic carbonate coupled via internal carbonate and ester carbonate linkages, and terminal hydroxyl and hydroxyl ester groups, wherein said polycarbonate has:
(a) a weight average molecular weight of between 10,000 and 100,000 Dalton;
(b) less than 1% of chain ends bearing free hydroxy groups, less than 100 parts per million Fries product;
(c) less than 1 mole percent of internal ester carbonate linkages relative to total number of moles of dihydroxy aromatic compound reacted; and
(d) less than 1 mole percent of terminal hydroxy ester groups relative to total number of moles of dihydroxy aromatic compound reacted.