Expandable intervertebral implant with wedged expansion member

1. An intervertebral implant for a human spine, comprising:

an upper body comprising an inferior surface and a superior surface, wherein the superior surface of the upper body is configured to engage a first vertebra of the human spine;

a lower body comprising a superior surface and an inferior surface, wherein the inferior surface of the lower body is configured to engage a second vertebra of the human spine;

an insert comprising a superior surface and an inferior surface, wherein the insert is configured to be positioned between the superior surface of the lower body and the inferior surface of the upper body before insertion of the intervertebral implant between the first vertebra and the second vertebra of the human spine, and wherein the insert comprises an angled portion;

an expansion member comprising a first angled portion and a second angled portion, wherein the expansion member is configured such that the first angled portion engages the angled portion of the insert to increase a separation distance between the upper body and the lower body after insertion of the intervertebral implant between the first vertebra and the second vertebra; and

an advancing element configured to engage the second angled portion of the expansion member such that the expansion member advances toward the insert in a direction oblique to the direction of advancement of the advancing element.

2. The intervertebral implant of claim 1 , wherein engaging the insert comprises elevating the insert.

3. The intervertebral implant of claim 1 , wherein the superior surface and the inferior surface of the insert are substantially flat.

4. The intervertebral implant of claim 1 , wherein the first angled portion and the second angled portion of the expansion member comprise wedge portions.

5. The intervertebral implant of claim 1 , further comprising an advancing element, wherein the advancing element is configured to be advanced in an anteroposterior direction or a posteroanterior direction to engage the second angled portion of the expansion member such that the expansion member advances in a mediolateral direction, allowing the first angled portion of the expansion member to engage the angled portion of the insert.

6. The intervertebral implant of claim 1 , wherein the expansion member is configured to be advanced between the superior surface of the lower body and the inferior surface of the insert to increase a separation distance between the lower body and the insert, thereby elevating the insert.

7. The intervertebral implant of claim 1 , wherein increasing the separation distance between the upper body and the lower body increases a height of the intervertebral implant.

8. The intervertebral implant of claim 1 , wherein the upper body contacts the lower body before expansion of the intervertebral implant.

9. An intervertebral implant for a human spine, comprising:

an upper body comprising an inferior surface and a superior surface, wherein the superior surface of the upper body is configured to engage a first vertebra of the human spine;

a lower body comprising a superior surface and an inferior surface, wherein the inferior surface of the lower body is configured to engage a second vertebra of the human spine;

an insert comprising a superior surface and an inferior surface, wherein the insert is configured to be positioned between the superior surface of the lower body and the inferior surface of the upper body before insertion of the intervertebral implant between the first vertebra and the second vertebra of the human spine, and wherein the insert comprises an angled portion;

an expansion member comprising a substantially flat inferior surface, a substantially flat superior surface, a first angled portion configured to engage the angled portion of the insert, and a second angled portion; and

an advancing element comprising an angled portion, wherein the advancing elements is configured to be advanced linearly in a first direction such that the angled portion of the advancing element engages the second angled portion of the expansion member, thereby advancing the expansion member linearly in a second direction oblique to the first direction such that the first angled portion of the expansion member engages the angled portion of the insert, thereby increasing a separation distance between the upper body and the lower body of the intervertebral implant.

10. The intervertebral implant of claim 9 , wherein the superior surface and the inferior surface of the insert are substantially flat.

11. The intervertebral implant of claim 9 , wherein the first angled portion and the second angled portion of the expansion member comprise wedge portions.

12. The intervertebral implant of claim 9 , wherein the advancing element is configured to be advanced in a direction substantially perpendicular to the direction of the advancement of the expansion member.

13. The intervertebral implant of claim 9 , wherein the advancing element is configured to be advanced in an anteroposterior direction or a posteroanterior direction to engage the second angled portion of the expansion member such that the expansion member advances in a mediolateral direction to engage the angled portion of the insert with the first angled portion of the expansion member.

14. The intervertebral implant of claim 9 , wherein increasing the separation distance between the upper body and the lower body increases a height of the intervertebral implant.

15. The intervertebral implant of claim 9 , wherein the upper body contacts the lower body before the separation distance between the upper body and the lower body is increased.

16. The intervertebral implant of claim 9 , wherein the advancing element is a portion of a tool.

17. An intervertebral implant for a human spine, comprising:

an upper body comprising an inferior surface and a superior surface, wherein the superior surface of the upper body is configured to engage a first vertebra of the human spine;

a lower body comprising a superior surface and an inferior surface, wherein the inferior surface of the lower body is configured to engage a second vertebra of the human spine; and

an expansion member comprising an elongated body having a substantially flat inferior surface, a substantially flat superior surface, and a first angled portion at an insertion end of the elongated body, wherein the expansion member is configured to be positioned between the upper body and the lower body such that applying a force to a trailing end of the elongated body opposite the insertion end of the elongated body is configured to advance the first angled portion and the substantially flat superior and inferior surfaces of the expansion member in a substantially linear direction between and at least partially oblique to at least a portion of the inferior surface of the upper body and at least a portion of the superior surface of the lower body after insertion of the upper and lower body in the spine to increase a separation distance between the superior surface of the upper body and the inferior surface of the lower body.

18. The intervertebral implant of claim 17 , wherein applying a force to a face of the trailing end of the expansion member comprising advancing an advancing element into contact with a face of the trailing end of the elongated body of the expansion member, wherein the advancing element advances toward the expansion member in a direction at least partially oblique to the direction of advancement of the expansion member.

19. An intervertebral implant for a human spine, comprising:

a first body comprising an inferior surface and a superior surface, wherein the superior surface of the first body is configured to engage a first vertebra of the human spine;

a second body comprising a superior surface and an inferior surface, wherein the inferior surface of the second body is configured to engage a second vertebra of the human spine;

an insert comprising an angled portion, wherein the insert is configured to be positioned between the superior surface of the second body and the inferior surface of the first body;

an expansion member comprising a first angled portion and a second angled portion; and

an advancing element configured to move in a first linear direction to engage the second angled portion of the expansion member to move the expansion member in a second linear direction such that the first angled portion of the expansion member engages the angled portion of the insert to increase a separation distance between the first body and the second body to expand the implant after insertion of the intervertebral implant between the first vertebra and the second vertebra, wherein the first linear direction is oblique to the second linear direction.