Reversibly swellable granular starch-lipid composites and methods of making the same
Starch-lipid composites are prepared by heat treatment of thermally stable granular starch with lipids under controlled conditions. The granular starch-lipid composites display unique properties including excellent cold and hot water swelling characteristics and the formation of stable emulsions. The products are useful as dispersing agents, thickening agents, fat substitutes and carriers for lipid-soluble active ingredients in foods, personal care and pharmaceutical applications.
1 . A starch-lipid composite comprising a plurality of individual, cross-linked starch granules having denatured surface-proteins, wherein said denatured surface-proteins interact with lipids.
2 . The starch-lipid composite of claim 1 , wherein said starch granules are cross-linked by a crosslinker selected from the group consisting of phosphorylating agents and epichlorohydrin.
3 . The starch-lipid composite of claim 2 , wherein said crosslinker is selected from the group consisting of sodium trimetaphosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate and mixtures thereof.
4 . The starch-lipid composite of claim 1 , wherein said starch granules are oxidized.
5 . The starch-lipid composite of claim 1 , wherein the cross-linked starch comprises reversibly swellable starch (SRS).
6 . The starch-lipid composite of claim 1 , wherein the lipid is present in an amount equal to about 0.1-40 parts by dry weight of modified starch.
7 . The starch-lipid composite of claim 1 , wherein a stable emulsion of at least about 0.5 ml/g starch is formed when the starch-lipid composite is dispersed in 100 ml of a 1:1 oil:water mixture and heated at 95° C. for 30 minutes.
8 . The starch-lipid composite of claim 1 , wherein the lipid is a selected from the group consisting of soybean oil, flaxseed oil, canola oil, olive oil, peanut oil, hydrogenated oil, butter, lard, shortening, tallow, sesame oil, amaranth oil, omega-3 oil, margarine, paraffin oil, silicone oil, jojoba oil, wheat germ oil, rice bran oil, sphingolipids, phospholipids, glycosphingolipids, glycolipids, ceramide, waxes, rosin fatty acids, linseed oil, mineral oil, hydrocarbons, long chain ethers, amines, alcohols, carbonyl compounds and lipid soluble vitamins such as vitamin A, D, E and K.
9 . The starch-lipid composite of claim 1 , wherein the lipid is a phytolipid.
10 . The starch-lipid composite of claim 9 , wherein the phytolipid is derived at least in part from biofermented grains.
11 . The starch-lipid composite of claim 10 , wherein the phytolipid comprises glycolipids, sphingolipids, glycosphingolipids, phospholipids, ceramides from biofermented grains and mixtures thereof.
12 . The starch-lipid composite of claim 1 , wherein said starch granules are derived from the group of starch sources consisting of cereal, root, tuber and legume.
13 . The starch-lipid composite of claim 1 , wherein said starch granules are derived from the group of starch sources consisting of wheat, corn, waxy corn, high amylose corn, oat, rice, tapioca, mung bean, potato and substituted starches thereof.
14 . A formulation comprising the composition of claim 1 , wherein the formulation is a food product.
15 . A formulation comprising the composition of claim 1 , wherein the formulation is a pharmaceutical product.
16 . A formulation comprising the composition of claim 1 , wherein the formulation is a personal care product.
17 . A method for preparing a starch-lipid composite, said method comprising the following steps:
preparing an aqueous dispersion comprising a plurality of individual, cross-linked starch granules and a lipid; and
heating said dispersion to denature surface-proteins of said starch granules.
18 . The method of claim 17 , further comprising the steps of:
isolating the starch-lipid composite from said aqueous dispersion; and
preparing a second aqueous dispersion comprising the starch-lipid composite and a lipid-soluble ingredient.
19 . A method for preparing a starch-lipid composite, said method comprising the following steps:
preparing an aqueous dispersion comprising a plurality of individual, cross-linked starch granules;
heating said dispersion to denature surface-proteins of said starch granules;
drying the denatured starch granules; and
preparing a second aqueous dispersion at room temperature comprising the denatured starch granules and a lipid.
20 . The method of claim 19 , further comprising the steps of:
isolating the starch-lipid composite from said second aqueous dispersion; and
preparing a third aqueous dispersion comprising the starch-lipid composite and a lipid-soluble ingredient.