Cocatalysts for reduction of production problems in metallocene-catalyzed polymerizations
Polyolefins may be prepared using a cocatalyst conforming to the formula: AIR z (X z ) n L z m wherein R z is a linear or branched organic moiety having at least 5 carbons and X z is a linear or branched organic moiety having at least 5 carbons or a heterocyclic moiety having at least 4 atoms and can be anionic or di-anionic. The aluminum complex may also be in the form of an adduct complex where L z is a Lewis base and m=1-3. The cocatalyst R z components are selected such that they do not react with water under polymerization conditions to form a species that is highly soluble in the polymerization diluent. Use of the specified cocatalyst reduces fouling during metallocene-catalyzed runs and “post-metallocene hangover” when the same production equipment is transitioned to non-metallocene catalyst runs using catalysts such as chromium.
1. A process for preparing a polyolefin comprising:
including as components in a polymerization mixture a metallocene catalyst supported on MAO/silica, wherein the catalyst selected from the group consisting of a CpFlu catalyst, a bis-indenyl catalyst, bridged mono-ligand metallocene compounds, and a combination thereof, and a polymerization diluent;
selecting a cocatalyst selected from the group consisting of tri-n-octylaluminum (TNOAl), partially hydrolyzed tri-n-octylaluminum (TNOAl), tri-n-hexylaluminum (TNHAl), and combinations thereof;
precontacting the metallocene catalyst and cocatalyst; and
contacting at least one monomer under polymerization conditions with the polymerization mixture to produce a polyolefin.
2. The process of claim 1 wherein the polymerization is carried out in the substantial absence of other cocatalysts, activators and scavengers that react with water under polymerization conditions to form species that are highly soluble in the polymerization diluent.
3. The process of claim 1 wherein from 5 ppm to 1000 ppm of the selected cocatalyst in a solvent is used during production of the metallocene catalyzed polyolefin.
4. The process of claim 1 wherein the diluent is isobutane.
5. The process of claim 1 wherein the polyolefin is prepared in a loop reactor or a stirred reactor.
6. The process of claim 1 wherein the polymerization mixture further includes an activator, scavenger, or both, and wherein the activator is not a selected cocatalyst.
7. The process of claim 1 wherein polymerization conditions include a temperature at from 20° C. to 280° C.
8. The process of claim wherein the polymerization mixture futher includes an activator, scavenger, or both, and wherein the activator, scavenger, or both, is a cocatalyst selected from the group consisting of tri-n-octylaluminum (TNOAl), partially hydrolyzed tri-n-octylaluminum (TNOAl), tri-n-hexylaluminum (TNHAl), and combinations thereof.
9. A process for preparing a polyolefin comprising:
providing a reactor;
including as components in a polymerization mixture, a metallocene catalyst, supported on MAO/silica a polymerization diluent, and an olefin monomer;
a cocatalyst selected from the group consisting of tri-n-octylaluminum (TNOAl), partially hydrolyzed tri-n-octylaluminum (TNOAl), tri-n-hexylaluminum (TNHAl), and combinations thereof; and
wherein the cocatalyst does not cause production of undesired olefin byproducts that decreases activity of a catalyst as compared to using triisobutyl aluminum (TIBAl) or tri-ethylaluminum (TEAL) as a cocatalyst.
10. The process of claim 9 futher comprising an activator and wherein a ratio of the acativator to the catalyst is from 100:1 to 0.1:1.
11. The process of claim 9 wherein the diluent is comprised of an alkane having from 3 to 7 carbon atoms that is branched or unbranched.
12. The process of claim 9 , further comprised of the steps of:
preparing a metallocene catalyzed polyolefin in the production equipment;
removing the metallocene polymerized polyolefin from the equipment; and
subsequently polymerizing an olefin with a chromium catalyst in the reactor previously used for the metallocene catalyzed polymerization.
13. The process of claim 9 , further comprised of the steps of:
preparing a metallocene catalyzed polyolefin;
recovering the diluent for recycling; and
subsequently polymerizing an olefin with a chromium catalyst using the recovered diluent previously used for the metallocene catalyzed polymerization.
14. The process of claim 9 wherein the metallocene catalyst activity is at least 5229 g/g/hr by using the selected cocatalyst.