Thermal stabilizer compositions for halogen-containing vinyl polymers

1. A stabilizer composition comprising

a zinc compound,

a latent mercaptan, wherein the latent mercaptan is of formula (1):

wherein a=0 or 1, m=0 or 1, n=0 or 1, and y=1-4 with the proviso that when y=1, z=1-4 and when y is greater than 1, z=1; R 1 is a monovalent, divalent, trivalent, or tetravalent C 1-400 alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, alkaryl, aralkyl, alkenylaryl, aralkenyl, hydroxyalkyl, dihydroxyalkyl, hydroxy(polyalkoxy)alkyl, alkoxyalkyl, hydroxyalkoxyalkyl, alkoxy(hydroxyalkyl), alkoxy(acyloxyalkyl), alkoxy(polyalkoxy)alkyl, alkoxy(polyalkoxy)carbonylalkyl, carboxyalkyl, acyloxyalkyl, acyloxy(hydroxyalkyl), acyloxyalkoxyalkyl, acyloxy(polyalkoxy)alkyl, benzoyloxy(polyalkoxy)alkyl, alkylenebis-(acyloxyalkyl), alkoxycarbonylalkyl, alkoxycarbonylalkylenyl, hydroxyalkoxycarbonylalkyl, hydroxy(polyalkoxy)carbonylalkyl, mercaptoalkyl, mercaptoalkenyl, mercaptoalkoxycarbonylalkyl, mercaptoalkoxycarbonylalkenyl, alkoxycarbonyl(amido)alkyl, alkylcarbonyloxy(polyalkoxy)carbonylalkyl, tetrahydopyranyloxy(polyalkoxy)carbonylalkyl, tetrahydropyranyloxyalkyl, hydroxyaryl, mercaptoaryl or carboxyaryl group; R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , and R 7 are each independently a —H, —OH, —SH, acyl, C 1-52 alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, haloaryl, alkaryl, aralkyl, hydroxyalkyl, mercaptoalkyl, hydroxyaryl, alkoxyaryl, alkoxyhydroxyaryl, or mercaptoaryl group; X is aryl, haloaryl, alkaryl, aralkaryl, hydroxyaryl, dihydroxyaryl, cycloalkyl aryl, arylcycloalkyl, or a heteroatom, R 6 and R 7 may form a heterocyclic moiety in conjunction with X as nitrogen when a is 1 and m is 1, one of R 1 , R 3 , and R 5 may join with R 7 and X to form a heterocyclic moiety with X as a heteroatom selected from the group consisting of oxygen and sulfur when a=1 and m=0; with the proviso that when X is aralkaryl, z is 1 or 2, R 6 and R 7 are —OH, a=1, and m=1, and with the further proviso that when R 6 is —OH or —SH, z=1;

a dihydropyridine, a polydihydropyridine, or a mixture thereof, wherein the dihydropyridine is of formula (2):

wherein each R 19 is independently a C 1 to C 36 alkyl group, each R 18 is independently hydrogen, —OR 21 , —NHR 21 , or —NR 21 R 22 wherein each R 21 and R 22 are independently a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 20 alkyl or C 2 -C 20 alkenyl group, each R 20 is independently hydrogen, oxygen, halogen, or a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 to C 36 alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkaryl, or aralkyl group, and R 26 is a hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 20 alkyl, C 6 -C 36 aryl, or C 6 -C 36 alkaryl group, and wherein the polydihydropyridine is of formula (3):

wherein A is a C 6-18 aryl or C 1-22 alkyl group that is unsubstituted or substituted with a C 1 -C 18 alkoxy, C 1 -C 18 alkylthio, hydroxy, acryloyloxy, methacryloyloxy, halogen, phenyl or naphthyl group, R 19 is independently a C 1 to C 36 alkyl group, a and b are a number from 0 to 20, c is 0 or 1, and d is a number from 1 to 6, with the proviso that d(a+b+c)>1 and (a+b)>0, R 24 and R 25 are each independently methylene, phenyl, or an alkylene group of the type (—C p H 2p -Q-) t C p H 2p —, wherein p is a number from 2 to 18, t is a number from 0 to 10, and Q is oxygen or sulfur, and R 26 is a hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 20 alkyl, C 6 -C 36 aryl or C 6 -C 36 alkaryl group; and

a beta-diketone wherein the beta-diketone is of formula (4):

wherein R 27 is an alkyl group having greater than or equal to 10 carbon atoms, R 28 is phenyl group or phenyl group substituted with up to 3 lower alkyl groups, and R 29 and R 30 are each independently hydrogen, C 1 -C 18 alkyl groups, or C 1 -C 18 alkyl groups substituted with halogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, ester alkyl or alkoxy carbonyl.

2. The stabilizer composition of claim 1 , wherein the beta-diketone is lauroylbenzoylmethane, myristoylbenzoylmethane, palmitoylbenzoylmethane, stearoylbenzoylmethane, octadecanoylbenzoylmethane, tetradecanoylbenzoylmethane, lauroyltoluylmethane, stearoyltoluylmethane, lauroylxyloylmethane, stearoylxyloylmethane, or a combination comprising one or more of the foregoing beta-diketones.

3. The stabilizer composition of claim 1 , wherein the latent mercaptan is a 2-S-(tetrahydropyranyl)thioglycolic acid ester of a C 4-16 alkyl alcohol or a 2-S-(dihydrofuranyl)thioglycolic acid ester of a C 4-16 alkyl alcohol.

4. The stabilizer composition of claim 1 , wherein the dihydropyridine is 3,5-bis(ethoxycarbonyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydro pyridine, the beta-diketone is stearoylbenzoylmethane, and the latent mercaptan is 2-5-tetrahydropyranal-2-ethylhexylthioglycolate.

5. The stabilizer composition of claim 1 , wherein the zinc compound is zinc chloride, zinc octoate, or a combination comprising one or more of the foregoing zinc compounds.

6. The stabilizer composition of claim 1 , wherein the beta-diketone is stearoylbenzoylmethane.

7. A method of stabilizing a composition comprising adding to a halogen-containing vinyl polymer composition the stabilizer composition of claim 1 .

8. A polymeric composition, comprising

a halogen-containing vinyl polymer,

a zinc compound,

a latent mercaptan, wherein the latent mercaptan is of formula (1):

wherein a=0 or 1, m=0 or 1, n=0 or 1, and y=1-4 with the proviso that when y=1, z=1-4 and when y is greater than 1, z=1; R 1 is a monovalent, divalent, trivalent, or tetravalent C 1-400 alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, alkaryl, aralkyl, alkenylaryl, aralkenyl, hydroxyalkyl, dihydroxyalkyl, hydroxy(polyalkoxy)alkyl, alkoxyalkyl, hydroxyalkoxyalkyl, alkoxy(hydroxyalkyl), alkoxy(acyloxyalkyl), alkoxy(polyalkoxy)alkyl, alkoxy(polyalkoxy)carbonylalkyl, carboxyalkyl, acyloxyalkyl, acyloxy(hydroxyalkyl), acyloxyalkoxyalkyl, acyloxy(polyalkoxy)alkyl, benzoyloxy(polyalkoxy)alkyl, alkylenebis-(acyloxyalkyl), alkoxycarbonylalkyl, alkoxycarbonylalkylenyl, hydroxyalkoxycarbonylalkyl, hydroxy(polyalkoxy)carbonylalkyl, mercaptoalkyl, mercaptoalkenyl, mercaptoalkoxycarbonylalkyl, mercaptoalkoxycarbonylalkenyl, alkoxycarbonyl(amido)alkyl, alkylcarbonyloxy(polyalkoxy)carbonylalkyl, tetrahydopyranyloxy(polyalkoxy)carbonylalkyl, tetrahydropyranyloxyalkyl, hydroxyaryl, mercaptoaryl or carboxyaryl group; R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , and R 7 are each independently a —H, —OH, —SH, acyl, C 1-52 alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, haloaryl, alkaryl, aralkyl, hydroxyalkyl, mercaptoalkyl, hydroxyaryl, alkoxyaryl, alkoxyhydroxyaryl, or mercaptoaryl group; X is aryl, haloaryl, alkaryl, aralkaryl, hydroxyaryl, dihydroxyaryl, cycloalkyl aryl, arylcycloalkyl, or a heteroatom, R 6 and R 7 may form a heterocyclic moiety in conjunction with X as nitrogen when a is 1 and m is 1, one of R 1 , R 3 , and R 5 may join with R 7 and X to form a heterocyclic moiety with X as a heteroatom selected from the group consisting of oxygen and sulfur when a=1 and m=0; with the proviso that when X is aralkaryl, z is 1 or 2, R 6 and R 7 are —OH, a=1, and m=1, and with the further proviso that when R 6 is —OH or —SH, z=1;

a dihydropyridine, a polydihydropyridine, or a mixture thereof, wherein the dihydropyridine is of formula (2)

wherein each R 19 is independently a C 1 to C 36 alkyl group, each R 18 is independently hydrogen, —OR 21 , —NHR 21 , or —NR 21 R 22 wherein each R 21 and R 22 are independently a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 20 alkyl or C 2 -C 20 alkenyl group, each R 20 is independently hydrogen, oxygen, halogen, or a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 to C 36 alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkaryl, or aralkyl group, and R 26 is a hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 20 alkyl, C 6 -C 36 aryl, or C 6 -C 36 alkaryl group, and wherein the polydihydropyridine is of formula (3):

wherein A is a C 6-18 aryl or C 1-22 alkyl group that is unsubstituted or substituted with a C 1 -C 18 alkoxy, C 1 -C 18 alkylthio, hydroxy, acryloyloxy, methacryloyloxy, halogen, phenyl or naphthyl group, R 19 is independently a C 1 to C 36 alkyl group, a and b are a number from 0 to 20, c is 0 or 1, and d is a number from 1 to 6, with the proviso that d(a+b+c)>1 and (a+b)>0, R 24 and R 25 are each independently methylene, phenyl, or an alkylene group of the type (—C p H 2p -Q-) t C p H 2p —, wherein p is a number from 2 to 18, t is a number from 0 to 10, and Q is oxygen or sulfur, and R 26 is a hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 20 alkyl, C 6 -C 36 aryl or C 6 -C 36 alkaryl group; and

a beta-diketone wherein the beta-diketone is of formula (4)

wherein R 27 is an alkyl group having greater than or equal to 10 carbon atoms, R 28 is phenyl group or phenyl group substituted with up to 3 lower alkyl groups, and R 29 and R 30 are each independently hydrogen, C 1 -C 18 alkyl groups, or C 1 -C 18 alkyl groups substituted with halogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, ester alkyl or alkoxy carbonyl.

9. The stabilized polymer composition of claim 8 , comprising 0.001 to 10 phr of the zinc compound, 0.05 to 2.0 phr of the latent mercaptan, 0.05 to 1.0 phr of the dihydropyridine, and 0.05 to 1.0 phr of the beta-diketone.

10. An article comprising the stabilized polymer composition of claim 8 .