Method to modify surface of an article and the article obtained therefrom
A method for making an article with controlled surface wettability is provided. The method includes the steps of providing a substrate including a polymer; and inducing a phase transformation at a selected surface region of the substrate, such that the phase transformation forms a texture at the selected surface region. The texture includes a plurality of features having a largest characteristic dimension of up to about 50 microns. An article with controlled wettability is provided. The article has a selected surface region including a polymer. At least about 80% of surface area includes a plurality of features having a largest characteristic dimension of up to about 50 microns. The plurality of features further includes a plurality of nanoscale surface features and the selected surface region has the surface wettability sufficient to generate, with a reference fluid, a static contact angle of at least about 120° C.
1 . A method for making an article, the method comprising the steps of:
(a) providing a substrate comprising a polymer; and
(b) inducing a phase transformation at a selected surface region of the substrate, wherein the phase transformation forms a texture at the selected surface region;
wherein the texture comprises a plurality of features having a largest characteristic dimension of up to about 50 microns.
2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the substrate comprises a form selected from the group consisting of a sheet, a film, a rod, and a tube.
3 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the polymer is selected from the group consisting of polycarbonate, polyolefin, polyacrylamide, polystyrene, polyester, polyurethane, acrylic, and blends thereof.
4 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the substrate comprises a composite.
5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the polymer comprises a copolymer comprising a hydrophobic component.
6 . The method of claim 5 , wherein the copolymer comprises a polycarbonate and a polysiloxane.
7 . The method of claim 1 , wherein inducing the phase transformation at the surface region comprises contacting the surface region with a fluid.
8 . The method of claim 7 , wherein the fluid comprises an organic solvent.
9 . The method of claim 7 , wherein the fluid comprises a mixture of two or more organic solvents.
10 . The method of claim 7 , wherein the fluid comprises a solvent selected from the group consisting of acetone, butyl acetate, water, ethanol, tetrahydrofuran, and combinations thereof.
11 . The method of claim 7 , wherein the fluid comprises a supercritical carbon dioxide.
12 . The method of claim 1 , wherein inducing the phase transformation at the surface region comprises heating the surface region to above a transformation temperature of the polymer.
13 . The method of claim 12 , wherein the transformation temperature is a glass transition temperature.
14 . The method of claim 12 , wherein the transformation temperature is a melting temperature.
15 . The method of claim 12 , wherein inducing phase transformation comprises contacting the surface region with a solvent, and wherein the transformation temperature is that corresponding to a transition between immiscibility and miscibility of the polymer in the solvent.
16 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the phase transformation comprises one selected from the group consisting of a phase change, and a phase separation.
17 . The method of claim 16 , wherein the phase change comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of a transition from a crystalline to an amorphous structure, a transition from amorphous to a crystalline phase, a transition from a glassy phase, and a transition to a glassy phase.
18 . The method of claim 16 , wherein the phase separation comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of separation of a multiphase into constituent phases, dissolution of material from the surface region followed by precipitation back onto the surface.
19 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising arresting the phase transformation.
20 . The method of claim 19 , wherein inducing the phase transformation at the surface region comprises contacting the surface with a fluid, and wherein arresting the phase transformation comprises evaporation of fluid from the surface.
21 . The method of claim 19 , wherein inducing the phase transformation at the surface region comprises contacting the surface with a fluid, and wherein arresting the phase transformation comprises contacting the surface with a quenchant, wherein the quenchant causes precipitation of material from the fluid onto the surface.
22 . The method of claim 19 , wherein arresting the phase transformation comprises inducing cross-linking reaction at the surface region.
23 . The method of claim 22 , wherein inducing cross linking reaction at the surface region comprises exposing the surface region to at least one cross linking promoter selected from the group consisting of a ultra violet radiation, an electron-beam radiation, a chemical agent, and a temperature above a cross linking reaction temperature.
24 . The method of claim 19 , wherein arresting the phase transformation comprises quenching the surface region to a temperature below a transformation temperature of the polymer.
25 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of features have a largest characteristic dimension less than about 10 microns.
26 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of features form a hierarchical structure.
27 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the surface region comprising the texture has a wettability of the surface sufficient to generate, with a reference fluid, a static contact angle of at least about 120 degrees.
28 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the surface region extends below the surface of the substrate to depth at least about 5 microns.
29 . The method of claim 28 , wherein the method further comprises altering the surface chemistry to achieve a desired wettability.
30 . The method of claim 29 , wherein altering surface chemistry further comprises at least one process selected from the group consisting of deposition of a coating on the selected surface region, exposing the surface region to a radiation, and exposing the surface to plasma.
31 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the surface region comprising the texture has a wettability of the surface sufficient to generate, with a reference fluid, a static contact angle of less than about 60 degrees.
32 . The method of claim 31 , wherein the method further comprises altering surface chemistry to achieve desired wettability of the surface region.
33 . The method of claim 32 , wherein altering surface chemistry further comprises at least one process selected from the group consisting of deposition of a coating on the selected surface region, exposing the surface region to a radiation, and exposing the surface to plasma.
34 . The method of claim 33 , wherein the coating on the selected surface region comprises a material selected from the group consisting of flurosilane and diamond like carbon.
35 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the article is transparent.
36 . A method for making an article, the method comprising the steps of:
(a) providing a substrate comprising a polycarbonate material;
(b) contacting a selected surface region of the substrate with a fluid comprising acetone to induce a phase transformation at the selected surface region;
(c) evaporating the fluid from the surface, wherein a texture is formed at the surface region; and
(d) altering surface chemistry of the selected surface region;
wherein the texture comprises a plurality of features having a largest characteristic dimension of up to about 50 microns, wherein the features are disposed on at least about 80% surface area of selected surface region of the substrate and wherein the surface has a wettability sufficient to generate, with a reference fluid, a static contact angle of at least about 120 degrees.
37 . A method for making an article, the method comprising the steps of:
providing a substrate with a surface region comprising a copolymer comprising a polycarbonate and a siloxane;
contacting a selected surface region of the substrate with a fluid comprising acetone to induce a phase transformation at the selected surface region; and
evaporating acetone to form a texture at the selected surface region;
wherein the texture comprises a plurality of features having a largest characteristic dimension of up to about 50 microns, and wherein the features are disposed on at least about 80% surface area of selected surface region of the substrate and wherein the surface has a wettability sufficient to generate, with a reference fluid, a static contact angle of at least about 120 degrees.
38 . An article comprising a selected surface region comprising a polymer, wherein at least about 80% surface area of selected surface region comprises a plurality of features having a largest characteristic of up to about 50 microns, wherein the plurality of features further comprises a plurality of nanoscale surface features and wherein the selected surface region has the surface wettability sufficient to generate, with a reference fluid, a static contact angle of at least about 120° C.
39 . The article of claim 38 , wherein the substrate comprises a form selected from the group consisting of a sheet, a film, a rod, and a tube.
40 . The article of claim 38 , wherein the polymer is selected from the group consisting of a polycarbonate, a polyolefin, a polyacrylamide, a polystyrene, a polyester, a urethane, an acrylic, and a blend thereof.
41 . The article of claim 38 , wherein the article is a composite.
42 . The article of claim 38 , wherein the polymer comprises a copolymer comprising a hydrophobic component.
43 . The article of claim 42 , wherein the copolymer comprises a polycarbonate and a siloxane.
44 . The article of claim 38 , wherein the plurality of features form a hierarchical structure.
45 . An article comprising a selected surface region comprising a polymer, wherein at least about 80% surface area of selected surface region comprises a plurality of features having a largest characteristic dimension of up to about 50 microns, wherein the plurality of features further comprises a plurality of nanoscale surface features and wherein the selected surface region has the surface wettability sufficient to generate, with a reference fluid, a static contact angle of at less than about 45° C.