Optical detection system
View Patent ↗The present invention pertains to radiant energy systems and more particularly to systems exhibiting the retroreflection principle wherein the system comprises a focusing means and a surface exhibiting some degree of reflectivity positioned near the focal plane of the device, and wherein incident radiation falling within the field-of-view of said system is reflected back in a direction which is parallel to the incident radiation. The present invention has great applicability in military optical system applications for detecting the presence of an enemy employing surveillance equipment and for neutralizing this surveillance capability.
1. The method of detecting an uncooperative optical system including a focusing means and a surface exhibiting some degree of reflectivity disposed substantially in the focal plane of said focusing means, said method comprising
the step of directing optical energy at said optical system whereby that portion of said energy incident upon said optical system is retroreflected with an optical gain to thereby form a beam of retroreflected optical energy, and
the step of detecting said retroreflected optical energy having a radiant flux density in excess of a preselected value to thereby indicate the presence of said optical system.
2. The method of claim 1 , including
the step of scanning a predetermined geographical area to detect the presence of an optical system therein.
3. The method of claim 2 , including
the step of tracking said optical system after the presence thereof has been detected.
4. The method of claim 3 , including the step of directing a weapon at the position of said optical system after the detection thereof.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein
the radiant energy directed at said optical system is in the nonvisible region.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein
the radiant energy directed at said optical system is light energy in the nonvisible region.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein
the light energy in the nonvisible region is infrared.
8. The method of claim 4 , wherein
said weapon is a laser.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein
the radiant energy is in the ultraviolet portion of the electromagnetic spectrum.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein
the radiant energy is X-ray energy.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein
the radiant energy comprises high energy particles related to quantum mechanics.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein
the radiant energy is acoustical energy.
13. The method recited in claim 1 wherein
said optical system is a telescope.
14. The method recited in claim 1 wherein
said optical system is a binocular.
15. The method recited in claim 1 wherein
said optical system is a periscope.
16. The method recited in claim 1 wherein
said optical system is a human eye.
17. Apparatus for detecting the presence of an uncooperative optical system including a focusing means and a surface exhibiting some degree of reflectivity disposed substantially in the focal plane of said focusing means, said apparatus comprising
means for producing radiant energy,
means for directing said energy toward said optical system whereby said energy is retroreflected with an optical gain by said optical system, and
means for detecting said retroreflected energy having a radiant flux density in excess of a preselected value to thereby indicate the presence of said optical system.
18. Apparatus in accordance with claim 17 wherein said means for producing radiant energy is a radiant energy source operative in the nonvisible region.
19. Apparatus in accordance with claim 17 , wherein said means for producing radiant energy is a radiant energy light source.
20. Apparatus in accordance with claim 19 , wherein said radiant energy light source is an infrared source.
21. Apparatus in accordance with claim 17 , wherein said means for producing radiant energy, said means for directing said energy toward said optical system, and said means for detecting the energy retroreflected by said optical system, form an optical transceiver.
22. Apparatus in accordance with claim 21 , wherein said means for producing rays of radiant energy,
said means for directing said rays energy toward said optical instrument system, and
said means for detecting the rays energy retroreflected by said optical instrument system are concentrically disposed with respect to one another.
23. Apparatus in accordance with claim 22 , wherein said means for producing radiant energy, said means for directing said energy toward said optical system, and said means for detecting said energy retroreflected by said optical system are concentrically disposed with respect to one another.
24. Apparatus in accordance with claim 22 , wherein
said means for producing radiant energy comprises a radiant energy source
said means for directing said energy toward said optical system comprises a primary mirror having a substantially parabolic configuration, and
said means for detecting said retroreflected energy comprising
a detector
said primary mirror, and
a secondary mirror having a substantially planar configuration
said primary mirror having an aperture concentric with the principal axis thereof,
said radiant energy source being positioned
adjacent the non-reflecting surface of said secondary mirror,
in the focal plane of said primary mirror,
said secondary mirror being positioned
adjacent said primary mirror, and
having the reflecting surface of said secondary mirror facing the reflecting surface of said primary mirror, and
said detector
being positioned adjacent the non-reflecting surface of said primary mirror,
being in axial alignment with the aperture thereof,
being positioned in the focal plane of said detection means.
25. Apparatus in accordance with claim 22 , wherein
said means for producing radiant energy comprises a radiant energy source,
said means for directing said energy toward said optical system comprises
a collecting mirror having a substantially elliptical configuration
a primary mirror having a substantially parabolic configuration, and
a secondary mirror having a substantially planar configuration,
said means for detecting said retorreflected energy comprising
a detector, and
said primary mirror,
said primary mirror having an aperture concentric with the principal axis thereof,
said secondary mirror being positioned with the reflecting surface thereof facing the reflecting surface of said primary mirror,
said radiant energy source
being positioned between the reflecting surfaces of said primary and secondary mirrors, and
in axial alignment with said mirrors,
said collecting mirror being positioned adjacent the non-reflecting surface of said primary mirror,
in axial alignment with the aperture thereof, and said detector being positioned in the focal plane of said direction means adjacent the non-reflecting surface of said secondary mirror in the focal plane of said primary mirror.
26. Apparatus in accordance with claim 21 , wherein
said means for producing incident radiant energy is a radiant energy light source operative in the nonvisible region.
27. Apparatus in accordance with claim 23 , wherein
said radiant energy light source is an infrared source.
28. Apparatus in accordance with claim 17 , wherein
said means for directing said incident energy towards said optical system having scanning means operatively associated therewith to cause said rays energy to scan a predetermined geographical area to detect and locate said optical system.
29. Apparatus in accordance with claim 28 , including
tracking means operatively associated with said scanning means to thereby track the movement of said optical system after detection thereof.
30. Apparatus in accordance with claim 28 , including
weapon means operatively associated with said tracking means for use against said optical system after detection thereof.
31. Apparatus in accordance with claim 30 , wherein
said weapon means is high energy source.
32. Apparatus in accordance with claim 31 , wherein
said high energy source is a laser.
33. The apparatus recited in claim 17 wherein said optical system is a telescope.
34. The apparatus recited in claim 17 wherein
said optical system is a binocular.
35. The apparatus recited in claim 17 wherein
said optical system is a periscope.
36. The apparatus recited in claim 17 wherein
said optical system is a human eye.
37. Apparatus for measuring the retroreflective characteristics of an optical system consisting of at least a focusing means and a surface exhibiting some degree of reflectivity disposed substantially in the focal plane of said focusing means, said apparatus comprising
a radiant energy source,
detection means,
measuring means connected to said detection means, and
means for directing said radiant energy produced by said source at said optical system,
whereby said radiant energy is retroreflected with an optical gain by said optical system and detected by said detecting means and the output thereof is coupled to said measuring means.
38. An optical system accordance with claim 37 , including means disposed between said radiant energy source and said optical system
for transmitting a portion of the radiant energy produced by said radiant energy source toward said optical system, and
for transmitting a portion of said energy retroreflected by said optical system toward said detecting means.
39. An optical system in accordance with claim 38 , wherein said directing means and said detecting means are substantially concentric.
40. The method of detecting the presence of devices which exhibit the phenomenon of retroreflection, said method comprising
the step of directing radiant energy at said devices whereby said radiant energy is retroreflected with an optical gain by said devices, and
the step of detecting said retroreflected radiant energy which is in excess of a preselected radiant flux density level to thereby indicate the presence of said devices.
41. The method of claim 40 , including the step of analyzing said retroreflected radiant energy to thereby determine the spatial and temporal characteristics of said devices.
42. Apparatus for detecting the presence of devices which exhibit the phenomenon of retroreflection, said apparatus comprising
means for producing radiant energy,
means for directing said energy toward said devices whereby said energy is retroreflected with an optical gain by said devices, and
means for detecting said retroreflected energy which is in excess of a preselected radiant flux density level to thereby indicate the presence of said devices.
43. apparatus for measuring the retroreflective characteristics of devices which exhibit the phenomenon of retroreflection, said apparatus comprising
means for producing radiant energy,
means for directing said energy toward said devices whereby said energy is retroreflected with an optical gain by said devices,
means for detecting said retroreflected energy which is in excess of a preselected radiant flux density level to thereby indicate the presence of said devices, and
means for analyzing said detected energy to thereby determine the characteristics of said devices.
44. The method of detecting an uncooperative and non-radiating microwave antenna system consisting of at least a microwave focusing means and a microwave feed horn disposed substantially at the focal point of said focusing means, said method comprising
the step of directing swept frequency microwave energy at said antenna system whereby substantially all energy at the operating frequency of said antenna system which is impingent thereon is focused by said focusing means and absorbed by said feed horn and energy of any other frequency is retroreflected by said antenna system with an energy density gain to thereby form a beam of retroreflected microwave energy, and
the step of detecting said retroreflected energy having an energy density in excess of a preselected value to thereby indicate the presence of said antenna system.
45. The method recited in claim 44 further including
the step of determining the frequency at which the energy density of said retroreflected energy is of a minimum level to thereby determine the operating frequency of said antenna system.
46. The method recited in claim 44 further including
the step of analyzing any temporal characteristics of said energy retroreflected by said antenna system.
47. The method recited in claim 44 further including
the step of analyzing any spatial characteristics of said beam of energy retroreflected by said antenna system.
48. A method of detecting characteristics or properties of an optical system based on a retroreflected beam, comprising:
transmitting radiant energy at an optical system having retroreflective characteristics;
receiving reflected radiant energy after retroreflection of the radiant energy;
detecting the reflected radiant energy after retroreflection to determine at least one characteristic or property of the optical system.
49. The method of claim 48 , wherein the at least one characteristic or property is determined based on temporal properties of the reflected radiant energy.
50. The method of claim 48 , wherein the at least one characteristic or property is determined based on spectral properties of the reflected radiant energy.
51. The method of claim 48 , wherein one of the at least one property or characteristic is a relative position of the retroreflective portion of the optical system.
52. The method of claim 48 , further comprising redirecting the reflected radiant energy using a beam splitter.
53. The method of claim 52 , wherein the beam splitter passes the radiant energy toward the retroreflective portion of the optical system.
54. The method of claim 48 , further comprising:
comparing the reflected radiant energy with the transmitted radiant energy as part of the detecting.
55. The method of claim 48 , wherein the transmitting includes directing the radiant energy to scan a preselected area.
56. The method of claim 48 , wherein the transmitting and receiving are performed by portions of a concentric optical system.
57. The method of claim 48 , wherein the radiant energy is generated by a laser.
58. The method of claim 48 , wherein the reflected radiant energy has an optical gain.
59. The method of claim 48 , wherein the at least one property or characteristic includes at least one property or characteristic of a reticle within the optical system.
60. The method of claim 48 , wherein the optical system includes a retroreflector having a lens positioned in front of a surface having at least some reflectivity.
61. An apparatus for detecting characteristics or properties of an optical system based on a retroreflected beam, comprising:
a source of radiant energy;
a detector; and
an optical system that directs radiant energy from the source toward a retroreflective surface and returns reflected radiant energy to the detector;
wherein the detector determines at least one characteristic or property of the optical system.
62. The apparatus of claim 61 , wherein the optical system further comprises a beam splitter that directs the radiant energy to the detector and redirects the reflected radiant energy to the detector.
63. The apparatus of claim 61 , further comprising a collimator that collimates the radiant energy from the source.
64. The apparatus of claim 61 , wherein the at least one characteristic or property is determined based on at least one temporal property of the reflected radiant energy.
65. The apparatus of claim 61 , wherein the at least one characteristic or property is determined based on at least one spectral characteristic of the optical system.
66. The apparatus of claim 61 , wherein the detector compares the reflected radiant energy with the transmitted radiant energy as part of the detecting.
67. The apparatus of claim 61 , wherein the at least one characteristic or property includes a relative position of the retroreflective portion of the optical system.
68. The apparatus of claim 61 , wherein the source of radiant energy is a laser.
69. The apparatus of claim 61 , wherein the reflected radiant energy has an optical gain.
70. The apparatus of claim 61 , wherein the at least one characteristic or property includes at least one characteristic or property associated with a reticle within the optical system.
71. The apparatus of claim 61 , wherein the optical system includes a retroreflector having a lens positioned in front of a surface having at least some reflectivity.