Pyrroloterpenes and use of the same as antimicrobial and anticancer agents
Disclosed herein are novel pyrroloterpene compounds and methods for obtaining these compounds. Also disclosed are methods of treating cancer and bacterial infections using the novel pyrroloterpene compounds.
1. A compound selected from the group consisting of the structure of Formula (I) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof:
wherein R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 are separately selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, halogen atom, mono-substituted, poly-substituted and unsubstituted variants of the following residues: saturated C 1 -C 24 alkyl, unsaturated C 2 -C 24 alkenyl or C 2 -C 24 alkynyl, acyl, acyloxy, alkyloxycarbonyloxy, aryloxycarbonyloxy, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, alkoxy, cycloalkoxy, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkoxy carbonyl, alkoxy carbonylacyl, amino, aminocarbonyl, aminocarboyloxy, nitro, azido, phenyl, hydroxy, alkylthio, arylthio, oxysulfonyl, carboxy, cyano, and halogenated alkyl including polyhalogenated alkyl;
wherein (R 4 ) n is a multiple-unit chain and wherein R 4 for the first unit is:
R 4 for the second unit is an isoprene selected from the group consisting of:
and R 4 for the third unit is an isoprene selected from the group consisting of:
wherein n is 3.
2. The compound of claim 1 selected from the group of structures consisting of:
3. A compound selected from the group consisting of the structure of Formula (I) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof:
wherein R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 are separately selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, halogen atom, mono-substituted, poly-substituted and unsubstituted variants of the following residues: saturated C 1 -C 24 alkyl, unsaturated C 2 -C 24 alkenyl or C 2 -C 24 alkynyl, acyl, acyloxy, alkyloxycarbonyloxy, aryloxycarbonyloxy, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, alkoxy, cycloalkoxy, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkoxy carbonyl, alkoxy carbonylacyl, amino, aminocarbonyl, aminocarboyloxy, nitro, azido, phenyl, hydroxy, alkylthio, arylthio, oxysulfonyl, carboxy, cyano, and halogenated alkyl including polyhalogenated alkyl;
wherein (R 4 ) n is a multiple-unit chain and R 4 for the first unit is:
R 4 for the second unit has the structure of Formula (IA)
and is functionalized with at least one of hydroxy, oxo, epoxy, ether, and cyclic ether,
and R 4 for the third unit has the structure of Formula (IA):
and is optionally functionalized with hydroxy, oxo, epoxy, ether, and cyclic ether and wherein R 4 for the second and third units is attached to the previous unit via either attachment point 1 or 2;
wherein n is 3;
wherein a bond represented by a dashed and solid line is either a carbon-carbon single bond or a carbon-carbon double bond; and
any bond represented by a dashed and solid line that is a carbon-carbon double bond has a configuration selected from the group consisting of cis and trans.
4. The compound of claim 3 wherein R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 are hydrogen.
5. The compound of claim 4 selected from the group of structures consisting of:
6. A compound selected from the group consisting of the structure of Formula (II) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof:
wherein R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 are separately selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, halogen atom, mono-substituted, poly-substituted or unsubstituted variants of the following residues: saturated C 1 -C 24 alkyl, unsaturated C 2 -C 24 alkenyl and C 2 -C 24 alkynyl, acyl, acyloxy, alkyloxycarbonyloxy, aryloxycarbonyloxy, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, alkoxy, cycloalkoxy, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkoxy carbonyl, alkoxy carbonylacyl, amino, aminocarbonyl, aminocarboyloxy, nitro, azido, phenyl, hydroxy, alkylthio, arylthio, oxysulfonyl, carboxy, cyano, and halogenated alkyl including polyhalogenated alkyl;
R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 are separately selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, halogen atom, methyl, and hydroxy or are separately absent;
wherein each repeated unit n is optionally functionalized with methyl, hydroxy, oxo, epoxy, ether, or cyclic ether wherein at least one repeated unit n is functionalized with at least one hydroxy, oxo, epoxy, ether, or cyclic ether.
wherein n is 4;
wherein a bond represented by a dashed and solid line is either a carbon-carbon single bond or a carbon-carbon double bond; and
any bond represented by a dashed and solid line that is a carbon-carbon double bond has a configuration selected from the group consisting of cis and trans.
7. The compound of claim 6 wherein R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 are hydrogen.
8. The compound of claim 7 selected from the group of structures consisting of
9. A compound selected from the group consisting of the structure of Formula (III) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof:
wherein R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 are separately selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, halogen atom, mono-substituted, poly-substituted and unsubstituted variants of the following residues: saturated C 1 -C 24 alkyl, unsaturated C 2 -C 24 alkenyl or C 2 -C 24 alkynyl, acyl, acyloxy, alkyloxycarbonyloxy, aryloxycarbonyloxy, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, alkoxy, cycloalkoxy, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkoxy carbonyl, alkoxy carbonylacyl, amino, aminocarbonyl, aminocarboyloxy, nitro, azido, phenyl, hydroxy, alkyithjo, arylthio, oxysulfonyl, carboxy, cyano, and halogenated alkyl including polyhalogenated alkyl; and
wherein R 4 is a seven carbon alkyl or alkenyl functionalized with at least one methyl group and one or more hydroxy, oxo, epoxy, ether, or cyclic ether groups.
10. The compound of claim 9 wherein R 4 is selected from the group of structures consisting of:
11. The compound of claim 10 wherein R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 are hydrogen.