Forehearth concentrate and method for opalization of glass
View Patent ↗The invention provides an opalescent forehearth color concentrate comprising a non-smelted agglomerated interspersion of particles for use in coloring glass, said concentrate comprising by weight from about 10% to about 70% of a glass component and from about 30% to about 90% of one or more opalescent pigments, the glass component comprising by weight from about 10% to about 50% ZnO and about 15 to about 60% SiO 2 . The invention also provides a method of using the color concentrate.
1. An opalescent forehearth color concentrate comprising a non-smelted agglomerated interspersion of particles for use in coloring glass, said concentrate comprising by weight from about 10% to about 70% of a glass component and from about 30% to about 90% of one or more opalescent pigments, wherein the opalescent pigments comprise at least one refractory metal salt comprising fluoride ions or phosphorous-containing ions, and wherein the glass component comprises by weight from about 10% to about 50% ZnO and about 15 to about 60% SiO 2 .
2. An opalescent forehearth color concentrate comprising a non-smelted agglomerated interspersion of particles for use in coloring glass, said concentrate comprising by weight from about 10% to about 70% of a glass component and from about 30% to about 90% of one or more opalescent pigments, wherein the opalescent pigments are selected from the group consisting of AlF 3 , Al(PO 3 ) 3 , AlPO 4 , CaF 2 , MgF 2 , SrF 2 , BaF 2 , NaF, KF, and RbF, and wherein the glass component comprises by weight from about 10% to about 50% ZnO and about 15 to about 60% SiO 2 .
3. An opalescent forehearth color concentrate comprising a non-smelted agglomerated interspersion of particles for use in coloring glass, said concentrate comprising by weight from about 10% to about 70% of a glass component and from about 30% to about 90% of one or more opalescent pigments, wherein the opalescent pigments comprise at least one refractory metal salt comprising fluoride ions or phosphorous-containing ions, and wherein the glass component comprises
a. about 10 wt % to about 60 wt % SiO 2 ,
b. ZnO, provided the amount does not exceed about 50 wt %,
c. B 2 O 3 , provided the amount does not exceed about 40 wt %,
d. Na 2 O, provided the amount does not exceed about 25 wt %,
e. TiO 2, provided the amount does not exceed about 5 wt %,
f. Al 2 O 3 , provided the amount does not exceed about 5 wt %,
g. ZrO 2 , provided the amount does not exceed about 8 wt %,
h. K 2 O, provided the amount does not exceed about 25 wt %, and
i. F 2 , provided the amount does not exceed about 15 wt %.
4. An opalescent forehearth color concentrate comprising a non-smelted agglomerated interspersion of particles for use in coloring glass, said concentrate comprising by weight from about 10% to about 70% of a glass component and from about 30% to about 90% of one or more opalescent pigments, wherein the glass component comprises:
a. about 30 wt % to about 45 wt % SiO 2 ,
b. about 15 wt % to about 40 wt % ZnO,
c. about 4 wt % to about 18 wt % B 2 O 3 ,
d. about 8 wt % to about 22 wt % Na 2 O,
e. TiO 2 , provided the amount does not exceed about 3 wt %,
f. Al 2 O 3 , provided the amount does not exceed about 1 wt %,
g. about 0.1 wt % to about 5 wt % ZrO 2 ,
h. about 1 wt % to about 9 wt % K 2 O, and
i. about 0.1 wt % to about 5 wt % F 2 .
5. An opalescent forehearth color concentrate comprising a non-smelted agglomerated interspersion of particles for use in coloring glass, said concentrate comprising by weight from about 10% to about 70% of a glass component and from about 30% to about 90% of one or more opalescent pigments, wherein the opalescent pigments comprise at least one refractory metal salt comprising fluoride ions or phosphorous-containing ions, wherein the glass component comprises:
a. about 19 wt % to about 39 wt % SiO 2 ,
b. about 32 wt % to about 34 wt % ZnO,
c. about 11 wt % to about 22 wt % B 2 O 3 ,
d. about 9 wt % to about 12 wt % Na 2 O,
e. about 2 wt % to about 4 wt % TiO 2 ,
f. Al 2 O 3 , provided the amount does not exceed about 3 wt %,
g. ZrO 2 , provided the amount does not exceed about 5 wt %,
h. K 2 O, provided the amount does not exceed about 1 wt %,
i. F 2 , provided the amount does not exceed about 5 wt %, and
j. about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % S.
6. An opalescent forehearth color concentrate comprising:
a non-smelted agglomerated interspersion of particles for use in coloring glass, said concentrate comprising:
from about 10 wt % to about 70 wt % of a glass component and
from about 30 wt % to about 90 wt % of one or more opalescent pigments,
the glass component comprising by weight from about 10 wt % to about 50 wt % ZnO and about 15 wt % to about 60 wt % SiO 2 , and further comprising a crystalline seed material selected from the group consisting of bismuth borosilicates, bismuth silicates, bismuth titanates, calcium silicates, zinc borosilicates, and zinc silicates.
7. An opalescent forehearth color concentrate comprising:
a non-smelted agglomerated interspersion of particles for use in coloring glass, said concentrate comprising:
from about 10 wt % to about 70 wt % of a glass component and
from about 30 wt % to about 90 wt % of one or more opalescent pigments,
the glass component comprising by weight from about 10 wt % to about 50 wt % ZnO and about 15 wt % to about 60 wt % SiO 2 , and further comprising a binder selected from the group consisting of alkali borates, boric acid, alkali phosphates, orthophosphoric acid, alkali silicates, fluorosilicic acid, alkali fluorides, alkali salts, alkali hydroxides and combinations thereof.
8. An opalescent forehearth color concentrate comprising a non-smelted agglomerated interspersion of particles for use in coloring glass, said concentrate comprising by weight from about 10% to about 70% of a glass component and from about 30% to about 90% of one or more opalescent pigments, wherein the glass component comprises:
a. a first frit, wherein the first frit comprises
i. about 30 wt % to about 45 wt % SiO 2 ,
ii. about 15 wt % to about 40 wt % ZnO,
iii. about 4 wt % to about 18 wt % B 2 O 3 ,
iv. about 8 wt % to about 22 wt % Na 2 O,
v. TiO 2 , provided the amount does not exceed about 3 wt %,
vi. Al 2 O 3 , provided the amount does not exceed about 1 wt %,
vii. about 0.1 wt % to about 5 wt % ZrO 2 ,
viii. about 1 wt % to about 9 wt % K 2 O, and
ix. about 0.1 wt % to about 5 wt % F 2 , and,
b. a second frit, wherein the second frit comprises
i. about 19 wt % to about 39 wt % SiO 2 ,
ii. about 32 wt % to about 34 wt % ZnO,
iii. about 11 wt % to about 22 wt % B 2 O 3 ,
iv. about 9 wt % to about 12 wt % Na 2 O,
v. about 2 wt % to about 4 wt % TiO 2 ,
vi. Al 2 O 3 , provided the amount does not exceed about 3 wt %,
vii. ZrO 2 , provided the amount does not exceed about 5 wt %,
viii. K 2 O, provided the amount does not exceed about 1 wt %,
ix. F 2 , provided the amount does not exceed about 5 wt %, and
x. about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % S.
9. An opalescent forehearth color concentrate comprising:
a non-smelted agglomerated interspersion of particles for use in coloring glass, said concentrate comprising: from about 30 wt % to about 90 wt % of one or more opalescent pigments, and from about 10 wt % to about 70 wt % of a glass component and
the glass component comprising by weight
from about 10 wt % to about 50 wt % ZnO and about 15 wt % to about 60 wt % SiO 2 , and
further comprising a crystalline seed material selected from the group consisting of Zn 2 SiO 4 , Bi 12 SiO 20 , Bi 4 (SiO 4 ) 3 , Bi 2 SiO 5 , 2ZnO.3TiO 2 , Bi 2 O 3 .SiO 2 , Bi 2 O 3 .2TiO 2 , 2Bi 2 O 3 .3TiO 2 , Bi 7 Ti 4 NbO 21 , Bi 4 Ti 3 O 12 , Bi 2 Ti 2 O 7 , Bi 12 TiO 20 , Bi 4 Ti 3 O 12 , and Bi 2 Ti 4 O 11 .