Combinatorial chemotherapy treatment using Na+/K+ ATPase inhibitors
The reagent, pharmaceutical formulation, kit, and methods of the invention provides a new approach to alleviate or eliminate certain negative effects associated with the use of certain cancer treatment agents (e.g. chemotherapy therapeutics, etc.) or regimens (e.g. radio therapies, etc.), including stimulation of the hypoxic stress response in tumor cells.
1 . A pharmaceutical formulation comprising a Na + /K + -ATPase inhibitor and an anti-cancer agent that induces an hypoxic stress response in tumor cells, formulated in a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient and suitable for use in humans to treat a neoplastic disorder.
2 . A kit for treating a patient having a neoplastic disorder, comprising a Na + /K + -ATPase inhibitor and an anti-cancer agent that induces an hypoxic stress response in tumor cells, each formulated in premeasured doses for conjoint administration to a patient.
3 . A method for treating a patient having a neoplastic disorder comprising administering to the patient an effective amount of a Na + /K + -ATPase inhibitor and an anti-cancer agent that induces an hypoxic stress response in tumor cells.
4 . A method for promoting treatment of patients having a neoplastic disorder, comprising packaging, labeling and/or marketing a Na + /K + -ATPase inhibitor to be used in conjoint therapy for treating a patient having a neoplastic disorder with an anti-cancer agent that induces an hypoxic stress response in tumor cells.
5 . A method for promoting treatment of patients having a neoplastic disorder, comprising packaging, labeling and/or marketing an anti-cancer agent that induces an hypoxic stress response in tumor cells to be used in conjoint therapy with a Na + /K + -ATPase inhibitor for treating a patient having a neoplastic disorder.
6 . The pharmaceutical formulation of claim 1 , wherein the Na + /K + -ATPase inhibitor is a cardiac glycoside.
7 . The pharmaceutical formulation of claim 6 , wherein the cardiac glycoside in combination with the anti-cancer agent has an IC 50 and/or an EC 50 for killing one or more different cancer cell lines that is at least 2 fold less than the IC 50 and/or an EC 50 , respectively, of the cardiac glycoside alone.
8 . The pharmaceutical formulation of claim 6 , wherein the cardiac glycoside is represented by the general formula:
wherein
R represents a glycoside of 1 to 6 sugar residues;
R 1 represents hydrogen, —OH or ═O;
R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 each independently represents hydrogen or —OH; and
R 7 represents
which cardiac glycoside has an IC 50 for killing one or more different cancer cell lines of 500 nM or less.
9 . The pharmaceutical formulation of claim 6 , wherein the cardiac glycoside comprises a steroid core with either a pyrone substituent at C17 (the “bufadienolides form”), or a butyrolactone substituent at C17 (the “cardenolide” form).
10 . The pharmaceutical formulation of claim 6 , wherein the cardiac glycoside is ouabain or proscillaridin.
11 . The pharmaceutical formulation of claim 6 , wherein the anti-cancer agent induces redox-sensitive transcription.
12 . The pharmaceutical formulation of claim 11 , wherein the anti-cancer agent induces HIF-1α-dependent transcription.
13 . The pharmaceutical formulation of claim 11 , wherein the anti-cancer agent induces expression of one or more of cyclin G2, IGF2, IGF-BP1, IGF-BP2, IGF-BP3, EGF, WAF-1, TGF-α, TGF-β3, ADM, EPO, IGF2, EG-VEGF, VEGF, NOS2, LEP, LRP1, HK1, HK2, AMF/GP1, ENO1, GLUT1, GAPDH, LDHA, PFKBF3, PKFL, MIC1, NIP3, NIX and/or RTP801.
14 . The pharmaceutical formulation of claim 6 , wherein the anti-cancer agent induces mitochondrial dysfunction and/or caspase activation.
15 . The pharmaceutical formulation of claim 6 , wherein the anti-cancer agent induces cell cycle arrest at G2/M in the absence of said Cardiac glycoside.
16 . The pharmaceutical formulation of claim 6 , wherein said anti-cancer agent is an inhibitor of chromatin function.
17 . The pharmaceutical formulation of claim 16 , wherein said anti-cancer agent is a DNA topoisomerase inhibitor.
18 . The pharmaceutical formulation of claim 16 , wherein said anti-cancer agent is a microtubule inhibiting drug.
19 . The pharmaceutical formulation of claim 6 , wherein said anti-cancer agent is a DNA damaging agent.
20 . The pharmaceutical formulation of claim 6 , wherein said anti-cancer agent is an antimetabolite.
21 . The pharmaceutical formulation of claim 6 , wherein said antimetabolite is a nucleoside analog that modulates intracellular CTP and/or dCTP metabolism.
22 . The pharmaceutical formulation of claim 21 , wherein the nucleoside analog is gemcitabine.
23 . The pharmaceutical formulation of claim 6 , wherein said anti-cancer agent is a DNA synthesis inhibitor.
24 . The pharmaceutical formulation of claim 6 , wherein said anti-cancer agent is a DNA binding agent.