Methods for stimulating a nerve root ganglion
Some embodiments of the present invention provide stimulation systems and components for selective stimulation and/or neuromodulation of one or more nerve root ganglia through implantation of an electrode on, in or around a nerve root ganglia. Some other embodiments of the present invention provide methods for selective neurostimulation of one or more dorsal root ganglia as well as techniques for applying neurostimulation to the spinal cord. Still other embodiments of the present invention provide stimulation systems and components for selective stimulation and/or neuromodulation of one or more nerve root ganglia through implantation of an electrode on, in or around a nerve root ganglia in combination with a pharmacological agent.
1. A method of stimulating a nerve root ganglion, comprising:
implanting an electrode into the nerve root ganglion; and
activating the electrode to stimulate the nerve root ganglion, wherein the nerve root ganglion is a dorsal root ganglion.
2. The method according to claim 1 further comprising:
releasing a pharmacological agent from the electrode.
3. The method according to claim 2 wherein the releasing step is performed before the activating step.
4. The method according to claim 2 wherein the releasing step is performed after the activating step.
5. The method according to claim 2 wherein the releasing step is performed during the activation step.
6. The method according to claim 2 wherein the pharmacological agent is pharmacologically active during the activating step.
7. The method according to claim 2 wherein the pharmacological agent is db-cAMP.
8. The method according to claim 2 wherein releasing a pharmacological agent from an electrode comprises intraganglionic delivery of db-cAMP.
9. The method according to claim 1 wherein a portion of the electrode is coated with a pharmacological agent.
10. The method according to claim 9 wherein the pharmacological agent is selected from the group consisting of: anti-inflammatory agents, opiates, COX inhibitors, PGE2 inhibitors, and other suitable agents to prevent pathological pain changes after surgery.
11. The method according to claim 1 wherein implanting an electrode compnses:
forming an opening in a spinal dorsal root ganglion epinurium; and
passing the electrode through the opening.
12. The method according to claim 1 wherein implanting an electrode comprises:
forming an opening in a nerve root ganglion epinurium of a nerve root ganglion in the sympathetic nervous system; and
passing the electrode through the opening.
13. The method according to claim 1 fUrther comprising:
forming an opening in a portion of a spinal nerve root; and
passing the electrode through the opening.
14. The method according to claim 1 wherein the activating step further comprises coupling a programmable electrical signal to the electrode.
15. The method according to claim 1 wherein activating the electrode to stimulate comprises activating the electrode to stimulate neural tissue at an energy level below a level that will ablate the neural tissue being stimulated.
16. A method of stimulating a nerve root ganglion, comprising:
implanting an electrode into the nerve root ganglion; and
activating the electrode to stimulate the nerve root ganglion wherein implanting an electrode comprises implanting an electrode into a ganglion of the sympathetic nervous system and implanting another electrode into a spinal dorsal root ganglion.
17. The method according to claim 16 wherein the spinal dorsal root ganglion influences neural transmissions from the ganglion of the sympathetic nervous system when the spinal dorsal root ganglion is stimulated.