Low-cost high-temperature heat exchanger
A low-cost, high-temperature heat exchanger is made from a notched piece of metal, the metal being folded back and forth upon itself to form a monolith. The notches in the metal piece create openings, communicating with distinct sides of the monolith. Ducts are attached to the openings. Cut pieces of corrugated metal, which may have a catalyst coating, are inserted between folds of the monolith. The heat exchanger may be used as part of a fuel cell system, or in other industrial applications, to recover waste heat, or to conduct various catalytic and non-catalytic reactions. The invention also includes an element, or building block, for a high-temperature heat exchanger, including a folded metal monolith with metal combs inserted, the monolith and the combs defining seams which are hermetically sealed.
1. A heat exchanger, comprising:
a) a monolith formed of a piece of metal that has been folded back and forth upon itself, the piece of metal having a notch which provides access to an interior region of the monolith when the metal has been folded,
b) a comb inserted into folds of the monolith, in a vicinity of an end of the monolith, the comb having a spine,
c) a rectangular metallic piece, the rectangular piece being attached to the monolith and being spaced apart from the comb,
d) a duct box which is fitted over an end of the monolith, the duct box including a pair of opposing portions which, together with the spine of the comb and the rectangular piece, define a duct which provides fluid communication with said interior region, and
e) a plurality of cut pieces of corrugated metal, the cut pieces being located in spaces defined by folds of the monolith.
2. The heat exchanger of claim 1 , wherein at least some components of the heat exchanger define seams, and wherein the seams are hermetically sealed by laser welding.
3. The heat exchanger of claim 1 , wherein the cut pieces are coated with a catalyst.
4. The heat exchanger of claim 1 , wherein the duct box comprises a unitary structure having first and second parts, the first part defining a complete box with four walls, and the second part being open and defining said opposing portions.
5. The heat exchanger of claim 1 , wherein the duct is positioned at a location which corresponds with the notch formed in the piece of metal defining the monolith.
6. The heat exchanger of claim 1 , wherein the monolith defines two distinct interior regions, and wherein there are two ducts, the ducts providing fluid communication with respective interior regions.
7. A heat exchanger, comprising:
a) a monolith formed of a piece of metal that has been folded back and forth upon itself, the monolith defining first and second sides which are not in direct fluid communication with each other, the monolith defining first and second openings providing fluid access to said first and second sides, respectively, said piece of metal having notches which define said openings,
b) a first duct adjacent to and in fluid communication with said first opening, and
c) a second duct adjacent to and in fluid communication with said second opening, said first side defining a first series of fluid flow channels which are blocked adjacent said first opening by teeth of a first comb and which are unblocked at the other end, said second side defining a second series of fluid flow channels which are blocked adjacent said second opening by teeth of a second comb and which are unblocked at the other end.
8. The heat exchanger of claim 7 , wherein at least some components of the heat exchanger define seams, and wherein the seams are hermetically sealed by laser welding.
9. The heat exchanger of claim 7 , wherein said ducts are at least partially defined by duct boxes affixed to ends of the monolith.
10. The heat exchanger of claim 7 , wherein said notches are rectangular notches which define said openings.
11. The heat exchanger of claim 7 , wherein the piece of metal has at least one single cut, the single cut defining a flap which is folded to form a wall of one of said ducts.
12. The heat exchanger of claim 11 , wherein the piece of metal has a pair of single cuts, disposed at diagonally opposite corners of the piece of metal, and wherein there are two flaps folded to form walls of ducts located at opposite ends of the monolith.
13. The heat exchanger of claim 7 , wherein cut pieces of metal are located in said first series of fluid flow channels, the cut pieces being at least partially coated with a catalyst.
14. The heat exchanger of claim 7 , wherein the piece of metal is 0.001-0.010 inches thick.
15. The heat exchanger of claim 7 , wherein said first comb has a spine which defines a sidewall of said first duct.
16. A heat exchanger comprising a monolith formed of a piece of metal that has been folded back and forth upon itself, the monolith defining first and second sides which are not in direct fluid communication with each other, the monolith defining first and second openings providing fluid access to said first and second sides, respectively, said piece of metal having a notch which provides access to an interior region of the monolith, said first side defining a first series of fluid flow channels which are blocked adjacent said first opening by teeth of a first comb and which are unblocked at the other end, said second side defining a second series of fluid flow channels which are blocked adjacent said second opening by teeth of a second comb and which are unblocked at the other end.
17. The heat exchanger of claim 16 , further comprising a first duct adjacent to and in fluid communication with said first opening.
18. The heat exchanger of claim 17 , wherein said first comb has a spine which defines a sidewall of said first duct.
19. The heat exchanger of claim 16 , further comprising a plurality of cut pieces of metal located in said first series of fluid flow channels, the cut pieces being at least partially coated with a catalyst.
20. The heat exchanger of claim 17 , wherein the piece of metal has at least one single cut, the single cut defining a flap which is folded to form a wall of said first duct.