Ion gate
An ion gate is disposed between a first volume occupied by a first carrier gas and ions of the first carrier gas and a second volume occupied by a second carrier gas. The ion gate includes at least one channel connecting the first volume to the second volume, a first electrode disposed on an inlet surface of the ion gate facing the first volume, and a second electrode disposed on an outlet surface of the ion gate facing the second volume. Ions are transported from the first volume to the second volume through the channel under an electric field produced by the first and second electrode.
1. A device comprising:
a first volume occupied by a first carrier fluid, the first carrier fluid including ions;
a second volume occupied a second carrier fluid;
an ion gate disposed between the first and second volumes, the ion gate including at least one channel allowing ions in the first volume to enter the second volume, a first electrode at a first electric potential disposed on an inlet surface of the ion gate, a second electrode at a second electric potential disposed on an outlet surface of the ion gate, the first and second electric potential providing an electric driving force to transport ions in the first volume to the second volume through the at least one channel.
2. The device of claim 1 wherein the at least one channel is characterized by a channel length and the channel length is less than 1 mm.
3. The device of claim 2 wherein the channel length is less than 500 microns.
4. The device of claim 3 wherein the channel length is less than 300 microns.
5. The device of claim 1 wherein the at least one channel is characterized by a channel cross-sectional area and the channel cross-sectional area is between 10,000 μm 2 and 1 μm 2 .
6. The device of claim 5 wherein the channel cross-sectional area is between 2,500 μm 2 and 10 μm 2 .
7. The device of claim 6 wherein the channel cross-sectional area is between 1,000 μm 2 and 10 μm 2 .
8. The device of claim 1 further comprising a deflector electrode, the deflector electrode deflecting ions in the first volume toward the inlet of the ion gate.
9. The device of claim 1 wherein the at least one channel is characterized by a width and a height wherein the width is less than the height.
10. The device of claim 9 wherein the width is between 1 μm and 100 μm.
11. The device of claim 10 wherein the width is between 5 μm and 60 μm.
12. The device of claim 11 wherein the width is between 10 μm and 40 μm.
13. The device of claim 9 wherein the height is between 10 and 10,000 times the width of the channel.
14. The device of claim 1 wherein the at least one channel is formed in a silicon substrate.
15. A method of transporting ions in a first carrier fluid to a second carrier fluid, the method comprising:
providing a channel having a first electrode at a first electric potential disposed on an inlet surface facing the first carrier fluid and a second electrode at a second electric potential disposed on an outlet surface facing the second carrier fluid; and
transporting ions in the first carrier fluid through the channel to the second carrier fluid via an electric field generated by the first and second electric potentials.
16. The method of claim 15 wherein the channel is sized to reduce transport of the first carrier fluid through the channel to the second carrier fluid.
17. The method of claim 16 wherein the second carrier fluid is a gas.
18. The method of claim 16 wherein a channel width is between 1 μm and 100 μm.
19. The method of claim 18 wherein the channel width is between 5 μm and 60 μm.
20. The method of claim 19 wherein the channel width is between 10 μm and 40 μm.