Ion acceleration system for hadrontherapy
View Patent ↗System for ion acceleration for medical purposes comprising a conventional or superconducting cyclotron, a radiofrequency linear accelerator (Linac), a Medium Energy Beam Transport line (MEBT) connected, at the low energy side, to the exit of the cyclotron, and at the other side, to the entrance of the linear radiofrequency accelerator, as well as a High Energy Beam Transport line (HEBT) connected at high energy side to the radiofrequency linear accelerator exit and at the other end, to a system for the dose distribution to the patient. The high frequency of operation of the Linac allows for a reduced consumption and a remarkable compactness facilitating its installation in hospital structures. The use of a modular LINAC allows varying in active way the energy and the current of the therapeutic beam, having a small emittance and a time structure adapted to the dose distribution based on the technique known as the “spot scanning”.
1. Acceleration system for composite charged particles, nuclear or molecular, with mass number greater than 1, in the form of ion beams, comprising:
a conventional or superconducting cyclotron,
a radiofrequency linear accelerator (Linac),
a medium energy beam transport line (MEBT) connected, on one end, either to the cyclotron output or to the output of the first part of the radiofrequency linear accelerator and, on the other end, either to the input of the radiofrequency linear accelerator or to the second part of the said radiofrequency linear accelerator, and
a high energy beam transport line (HEBT) connected, on one end to the output of said radiofrequency linear accelerator and on the other end to a system for dose distribution to the patient, wherein,
the radiofrequency linear accelerator features a resonant frequency greater than or equal to 1 GHz, and
in order to accelerate 12 C 6+ carbon ions starting at 300 MeV/u the section CCL alone of said Linac is used with frequencies of 2.998 GHz or 5.710 GHz and for which are included the following parameters respectively:
Frequency [MHz]
2998
5710
Q (ion charge)
6
6
A (ion mass)
12
12
Input Energy [MeV]
3600
3600
Output Energy [MeV]
4800
4800
Number of accelerating cells per accelerating
20
13
structure
Accelerating cell diameter [mm]
70
40
Beam hole aperture diameter [mm]
8
4
Number of accelerating structures per module
2
2
Number of modules (same as the number of klystrons)
10
16
Average length of a module [m]
1.8
0.72
Total length of the Linac [m]
17.8
11.5
Average transit time factor T
0.86
0.89
Average effective shunt impedance ZT 2 [MΩ/m]
79
91
Average electric field on axis E 0 [MV/m]
17.8
31
Maximum surface electric field in Kilpatrick units
1.7
2.2
Average peak power required per module [MW]
4.4
4.2
Average power per module [kW]
4.4
4.2
Average power of the Linac [kW]
44
67.2
Duty Factor [%]
0.1
0.1
Synchronous phase φ s [degrees]
−15
−15
Magnetic quadrupole length [mm]
52
60
Magnetic quadrupole aperture diameter [mm]
10
5
Average quadrupole magnetic gradient B′ [T/m]
160
320
(in FODO configuration)
Normalized transverse acceptance, 1 rms [π mm mrad]
1.8
1.4.
2. Acceleration system for composite charged particles of claim 1 , configured for medical purposes.
3. Acceleration system for composite charged particles, nuclear or molecular, with mass number greater than 1, in the form of ion beams, comprising:
a conventional or superconducting cyclotron,
a radiofrequency linear accelerator (Linac),
a medium energy beam transport line (MEBT) connected, on one end, either to the cyclotron output or to the output of the first part of the radiofrequency linear accelerator and, on the other end, either to the input of the radiofrequency linear accelerator or to the second part of the said radiofrequency linear accelerator, and
a high energy beam transport line (HEBT) connected, on one end to the output of said radiofrequency linear accelerator and on the other end to a system for dose distribution to the patient, wherein,
the radiofrequency linear accelerator features a resonant frequency greater than or equal to 1 GHz, and
in order to accelerate 12 C 6+ carbon ions, for the said Linac DTL section at a frequency of 2.855 GHz e and for the said Linac CCL section at a frequency of 5.710 GHz the following parameters are included:
Frequency [MHz]
2855
5710
Q (ion charge)
6
6
A (ion mass)
12
12
Input Energy [MeV]
600
1920
Output Energy [MeV]
1920
4800
Number of accelerating cells per accelerating
7
14
structure
Accelerating cell diameter [mm]
20
40
Beam aperture diameter [mm]
4
4
Number of accelerating structures per module
4
2
Number of modules (same as the number of
18
38
klystrons)
Average length of a module [m]
1.06
0.69
Total length of the Linac [m]
19.17
26.18
Average transit time factor T
0.86
0.89
Average effective shunt impedance ZT 2 [MΩ/m]
85
87
Average electric field on axis E 0 [MV/m]
24.3
32.2
Maximum surface electric field in Kilpatrick
2.5
2.3
units
Average peak power required per module [MW]
3.5
4.8
Average power per module [kW]
3.5
4.8
Average power of the Linac [kW]
63
185
Duty Factor [%]
0.1
0.1
Synchronous phase φ s [degrees]
−14
−15
Magnetic quadrupole length [mm]
60
60
Magnetic quadrupole aperture diameter [mm]
5
5
Average quadrupole magnetic gradient B′ [T/m] (in
250
240
FODO configuration)
Normalized transverse acceptance, 1 rms [π mm
0.8
0.9
mrad].
4. Acceleration system for composite charged particles of claim 3 , configured for medical purposes.
5. Acceleration system for composite charged particles, nuclear or molecular, with mass number greater than 1, in the form of ion beams, comprising:
a conventional or superconducting cyclotron,
a radiofrequency linear accelerator (Linac),
a medium energy beam transport line (MEBT) connected, on one end, either to the cyclotron output or to the output of the first part of the radiofrequency linear accelerator and, on the other end, either to the input of the radiofrequency linear accelerator or to the second part of the said radiofrequency linear accelerator, and
a high energy beam transport line (HEBT) connected, on one end to the output of said radiofrequency linear accelerator and on the other end to a system for dose distribution to the patient,
wherein the radiofrequency linear accelerator features a modular implementation and includes either a first accelerating structure section of DTL or SCDTL type and a following accelerating structure section of CCL type, or a single accelerating structure section type of DTL or SCDTL type, or a single accelerating structure section of CCL type, where the radiofrequency power in each module of which each section is composed is distributed in an adjustable and independent way, and
in order to accelerate 12 C 6+ carbon ions starting at 300 MeV/u the section CCL alone of said Linac is used with frequencies of 2.998 GHz or 5.710 GHz and for which are included the following parameters respectively:
Frequency [MHz]
2998
5710
Q (ion charge)
6
6
A (ion mass)
12
12
Input Energy [MeV]
3600
3600
Output Energy [MeV]
4800
4800
Number of accelerating cells per accelerating
20
13
structure
Accelerating cell diameter [mm]
70
40
Beam hole aperture diameter [mm]
8
4
Number of accelerating structures per module
2
2
Number of modules (same as the number of klystrons)
10
16
Average length of a module [m]
1.8
0.72
Total length of the Linac [m]
17.8
11.5
Average transit time factor T
0.86
0.89
Average effective shunt impedance ZT 2 [MΩ/m]
79
91
Average electric field on axis E 0 [MV/m]
17.8
31
Maximum surface electric field in Kilpatrick units
1.7
2.2
Average peak power required per module [MW]
4.4
4.2
Average power per module [kW]
4.4
4.2
Average power of the Linac [kW]
4.4
67.2
Duty Factor [%]
0.1
0.1
Synchronous phase φ s [degrees]
−15
−15
Magnetic quadrupole length [mm]
52
60
Magnetic quadrupole aperture diameter [mm]
10
5
Average quadrupole magnetic gradient B′ [T/m]
160
320
(in FODO configuration)
Normalized transverse acceptance, 1 rms [π mm mrad]
1.8
1.4.
6. Acceleration system for composite charged particles of claim 5 , configured for medical purposes.
7. Acceleration system for composite charged particles, nuclear or molecular, with mass number greater than 1, in the form of ion beams, comprising:
a conventional or superconducting cyclotron,
a radiofrequency linear accelerator (Linac),
a medium energy beam transport line (MEBT) connected, on one end, either to the cyclotron output or to the output of the first part of the radiofrequency linear accelerator and, on the other end, either to the input of the radiofrequency linear accelerator or to the second part of the said radiofrequency linear accelerator, and
a high energy beam transport line (HEBT) connected, on one end to the output of said radiofrequency linear accelerator and on the other end to a system for dose distribution to the patient, wherein,
the radiofrequency linear accelerator features a modular implementation and includes either a first accelerating structure section of DTL or SCDTL type and a following accelerating structure section of CCL type, or a single accelerating structure section type of DTL or SCDTL type, or a single accelerating structure section of CCL type, where the radiofrequency power in each module of which each section is composed is distributed in an adjustable and independent way,
in said radiofrequency Linac, the DTL type and CCL type structures include a number of modules, and
in order to accelerate 12 C 6+ carbon ions starting at 300 MeV/u the section CCL alone of said Linac is used with frequencies of 2.998 GHz or 5.710 GHz and for which are included the following parameters respectively:
Frequency [MHz]
2998
5710
Q (ion charge)
6
6
A (ion mass)
12
12
Input Energy [MeV]
3600
3600
Output Energy [MeV]
4800
4800
Number of accelerating cells per accelerating
20
13
structure
Accelerating cell diameter [mm]
70
40
Beam hole aperture diameter [mm]
8
4
Number of accelerating structures per module
2
2
Number of modules (same as the number of klystrons)
10
16
Average length of a module [m]
1.8
0.72
Total length of the Linac [m]
17.8
11.5
Average transit time factor T
0.86
0.89
Average effective shunt impedance ZT 2 [MΩ/m]
79
91
Average electric field on axis E 0 [MV/m]
17.8
31
Maximum surface electric field in Kilpatrick units
1.7
2.2
Average peak power required per module [MW]
4.4
4.2
Average power per module [kW]
4.4
4.2
Average power of the Linac [kW]
44
67.2
Duty Factor [%]
0.1
0.1
Synchronous phase φ s [degrees]
−15
−15
Magnetic quadrupole length [mm]
52
60
Magnetic quadrupole aperture diameter [mm]
10
5
Average quadrupole magnetic gradient B′ [T/m]
160
320
(in FODO configuration)
Normalized transverse acceptance, 1 rms [π mm mrad]
1.8
1.4.
8. Acceleration system for composite charged particles of claim 7 , configured for medical purposes.
9. Acceleration system for composite charged particles, nuclear or molecular, with mass number greater than 1, in the form of ion beams, comprising:
a conventional or superconducting cyclotron,
a radiofrequency linear accelerator (Linac),
a medium energy beam transport line (MEBT) connected, on one end, either to the cyclotron output or to the output of the first part of the radiofrequency linear accelerator and, on the other end, either to the input of the radiofrequency linear accelerator or to the second part of the said radiofrequency linear accelerator, and
a high energy beam transport line (HEBT) connected, on one end to the output of said radiofrequency linear accelerator and on the other end to a system for dose distribution to the patient, wherein,
the conventional or superconducting cyclotron pre-accelerates the ion beam up to a fixed energy that can vary between about 10 and about 300 MeV/u, and
in order to accelerate 12 C 6+ carbon ions starting at 300 MeV/u the section CCL alone of said Linac is used with frequencies of 2.998 GHz or 5.710 GHz and for which are included the following parameters respectively:
Frequency [MHz]
2998
5710
Q (ion charge)
6
6
A (ion mass)
12
12
Input Energy [MeV]
3600
3600
Output Energy [MeV]
4800
4800
Number of accelerating cells per accelerating
20
13
structure
Accelerating cell diameter [mm]
70
40
Beam hole aperture diameter [mm]
8
4
Number of accelerating structures per module
2
2
Number of modules (same as the number of klystrons)
10
16
Average length of a module [m]
1.8
0.72
Total length of the Linac [m]
17.8
11.5
Average transit time factor T
0.86
0.89
Average effective shunt impedance ZT 2 [M Ω/m]
79
91
Average electric field on axis E 0 [MV/m]
17.8
31
Maximum surface electric field in Kilpatrick units
1.7
2.2
Average peak power required per module [MW]
4.4
4.2
Average power per module [kW]
4.4
4.2
Average power of the Linac [kW]
44
67.2
Duty Factor [%]
0.1
0.1
Synchronous phase φ s [degrees]
−15
−15
Magnetic quadrupole length [mm]
52
60
Magnetic quadrupole aperture diameter [mm]
10
5
Average quadrupole magnetic gradient B′ [T/m]
160
320
(in FODO configuration)
Normalized transverse acceptance, 1 rms [π mm mrad]
1.8
1.4.
10. Acceleration system for composite charged particles of claim 9 , configured for medical purposes, and wherein,
the radiofrequency linear accelerator features a modular implementation and includes either a first accelerating structure section of DTL or SCDTL type and a following accelerating structure section of CCL type, or a single accelerating structure section type of DTL or SCDTL type, or a single accelerating structure section of CCL type, where the radiofrequency power in each module of which each section is composed is distributed in an adjustable and independent way, and
the two said Linac sections DTL and CCL have either the same frequency, either about 3 GHz or about 5.7 GHz, or different ones, respectively about 1.5 and about 3 GHz.
11. Acceleration system for composite charged particles, nuclear or molecular, with mass number greater than 1, in the form of ion beams, comprising:
a conventional or superconducting cyclotron,
a radiofrequency linear accelerator (Linac),
a medium energy beam transport line (MEBT) connected, on one end, either to the cyclotron output or to the output of the first part of the radiofrequency linear accelerator and, on the other end, either to the input of the radiofrequency linear accelerator or to the second part of the said radiofrequency linear accelerator,
a high energy beam transport line (HEBT) connected, on one end to the output of said radiofrequency linear accelerator and on the other end to a system for dose distribution to the patient, and
a source either continuous or pulsed in accordance to the Linac repetition rate, of the ECR, EBIS, or other source types, wherein,
in order to accelerate 12 C 6+ carbon ions starting at 300 MeV/u the section CCL alone of said Linac is used with frequencies of 2.998 GHz or 5.710 GHz and for which are included the following parameters respectively:
Frequency [MHz]
2998
5710
Q (ion charge)
6
6
A (ion mass)
12
12
Input Energy [MeV]
3600
3600
Output Energy [MeV]
4800
4800
Number of accelerating cells per accelerating
20
13
structure
Accelerating cell diameter [mm]
70
40
Beam hole aperture diameter [mm]
8
4
Number of accelerating structures per module
2
2
Number of modules (same as the number of klystrons)
10
16
Average length of a module [m]
1.8
0.72
Total length of the Linac [m]
17.8
11.5
Average transit time factor T
0.86
0.89
Average effective shunt impedance ZT 2 [M Ωm]
79
91
Average electric field on axis E 0 [MV/m]
17.8
31
Maximum surface electric field in Kilpatrick units
1.7
2.2
Average peak power required per module [MW]
4.4
4.2
Average power per module [kW]
4.4
4.2
Average power of the Linac [kW]
44
67.2
Duty Factor [%]
0.1
0.1
Synchronous phase φ s [degrees]
−15
−15
Magnetic quadrupole length [mm]
52
60
Magnetic quadrupole aperture diameter [mm]
10
5
Average quadrupole magnetic gradient B′ [T/m]
160
320
(in FODO configuration)
Normalized transverse acceptance, 1 rms [π mm mrad]
1.8
1.4.
12. Acceleration system for composite charged particles of claim 11 , configured for medical purposes.
13. Acceleration system for composite charged particles, nuclear or molecular, with mass number greater than 1, in the form of ion beams, comprising:
a conventional or superconducting cyclotron,
a radiofrequency linear accelerator (Linac),
a medium energy beam transport line (MEBT) connected, on one end, either to the cyclotron output or to the output of the first part of the radiofrequency linear accelerator and, on the other end, either to the input of the radiofrequency linear accelerator or to the second part of the said radiofrequency linear accelerator, and
a high energy beam transport line (HEBT) connected, on one end to the output of said radiofrequency linear accelerator and on the other end to a system for dose distribution to the patient, wherein,
the radiofrequency linear accelerator features a modular implementation and includes either a first accelerating structure section of DTL or SCDTL type and a following accelerating structure section of CCL type, or a single accelerating structure section type of DTL or SCDTL type, or a single accelerating structure section of CCL type, where the radiofrequency power in each module of which each section is composed is distributed in an adjustable and independent way, and
in order to accelerate 12 C 6+ carbon ions, for the said Linac DTL section at a frequency of 2.855 GHz e and for the said Linac CCL section at a frequency of 5.710 GHz the following parameters are included:
Frequency [MHz]
2855
5710
Q (ion charge)
6
6
A (ion mass)
12
12
Input Energy [MeV]
600
1920
Output Energy [MeV]
1920
4800
Number of accelerating cells per accelerating
7
14
structure
Accelerating cell diameter [mm]
20
40
Beam aperture diameter [mm]
4
4
Number of accelerating structures per module
4
2
Number of modules (same as the number of
18
38
klystrons)
Average length of a module [m]
1.06
0.69
Total length of the Linac [m]
19.17
26.18
Average transit time factor T
0.86
0.89
Average effective shunt impedance ZT 2 [MΩ/m]
85
87
Average electric field on axis E 0 [MV/m]
24.3
32.2
Maximum surface electric field in Kilpatrick
2.5
2.3
units
Average peak power required per module [MW]
3.5
4.8
Average power per module [kW]
3.5
4.8
Average power of the Linac [kW]
63
185
Duty Factor [%]
0.1
0.1
Synchronous phase φ s [degrees]
−14
−15
Magnetic quadrupole length [mm]
60
60
Magnetic quadrupole aperture diameter [mm]
5
5
Average quadrupole magnetic gradient B′ [T/m]
250
240
(in FODO configuration)
Normalized transverse acceptance, 1 rms [π mm
0.8
0.9
mrad].
14. Acceleration system for composite charged particles of claim 13 , configured for medical purposes.
15. Acceleration system for composite charged particles, nuclear or molecular, with mass number greater than 1, in the form of ion beams, comprising:
a conventional or superconducting cyclotron,
a radiofrequency linear accelerator (Linac),
a medium energy beam transport line (MEBT) connected, on one end, either to the cyclotron output or to the output of the first part of the radiofrequency linear accelerator and, on the other end, either to the input of the radiofrequency linear accelerator or to the second part of the said radiofrequency linear accelerator, and,
a high energy beam transport line (HEBT) connected, on one end to the output of said radiofrequency linear accelerator and on the other end to a system for dose distribution to the patient, wherein,
the radiofrequency linear accelerator features a modular implementation and includes either a first accelerating structure section of DTL or SCDTL type and a following accelerating structure section of CCL type, or a single accelerating structure section type of DTL or SCDTL type, or a single accelerating structure section of CCL type, where the radiofrequency power in each module of which each section is composed is distributed in an adjustable and independent way,
in said radiofrequency Linac, the DTL type and CCL type structures include a number of modules, and
in order to accelerate 12 C 6+ carbon ions, for the said Linac DTL section at a frequency of 2.855 GHz e and for the said Linac CCL section at a frequency of 5.710 GHz the following parameters are included:
Frequency [MHz]
2855
5710
Q (ion charge)
6
6
A (ion mass)
12
12
Input Energy [MeV]
600
1920
Output Energy [MeV]
1920
4800
Number of accelerating cells per accelerating
7
14
structure
Accelerating cell diameter [mm]
20
40
Beam hole aperture diameter [mm]
4
4
Number of accelerating structures per module
4
2
Number of modules (same as the number of
18
38
klystrons)
Average length of a module [m]
1.06
0.69
Total length of the Linac [m]
19.17
26.18
Average transit time factor T
0.86
0.89
Average effective shunt impedance ZT 2 [MΩ/m]
85
87
Average electric field on axis E 0 [MV/m]
24.3
32.2
Maximum surface electric field in Kilpatrick
2.5
2.3
units
Average peak power required per module [MW]
3.5
4.8
Average power per module [kW]
3.5
4.8
Average power of the Linac [kW]
63
185
Duty Factor [%]
0.1
0.1
Synchronous phase φ s [degrees]
−14
−15
Magnetic quadrupole length [mm]
60
60
Magnetic quadrupole aperture diameter [mm]
5
5
Average quadrupole magnetic gradient B′ [T/m]
250
240
(in FODO configuration)
Normalized transverse acceptance, 1 rms [π mm
0.8
0.9
mrad].
16. Acceleration system for composite charged particles of claim 15 , configured for medical purposes.
17. Acceleration system for composite charged particles, nuclear or molecular, with mass number greater than 1, in the form of ion beams, comprising:
a conventional or superconducting cyclotron,
a radiofrequency linear accelerator (Linac),
a medium energy beam transport line (MEBT) connected, on one end, either to the cyclotron output or to the output of the first part of the radiofrequency linear accelerator and, on the other end, either to the input of the radiofrequency linear accelerator or to the second part of the said radiofrequency linear accelerator, and
a high energy beam transport line (HEBT) connected, on one end to the output of said radiofrequency linear accelerator and on the other end to a system for dose distribution to the patient, wherein,
the conventional or superconducting cyclotron pre-accelerates the ion beam up to a fixed energy that can vary between about 10 and about 300 MeV/u, and
in order to accelerate 12 C 6+ carbon ions, for said Linac DTL section at a frequency of 2.855 GHz e and for the said Linac CCL section at a frequency of 5.710 GHz the following parameters are included:
Frequency [MHz]
2855
5710
Q (ion charge)
6
6
A (ion mass)
12
12
Input Energy [MeV]
600
1920
Output Energy [MeV]
1920
4800
Number of accelerating cells per accelerating
7
14
structure
Accelerating cell diameter [mm]
20
40
Beam aperture diameter [mm]
4
4
Number of accelerating structures per module
4
2
Number of modules (same as the number of
18
38
klystrons)
Average length of a module [m]
1.06
0.69
Total length of the Linac [m]
19.17
26.18
Average transit time factor T
0.86
0.89
Average effective shunt impedance ZT 2 [MΩ/m]
85
87
Average electric field on axis E 0 [MV/m]
24.3
32.2
Maximum surface electric field in Kilpatrick
2.5
2.3
units
Average peak power required per module [MW]
3.5
4.8
Average power per module [kW]
3.5
4.8
Average power of the Linac [kW]
63
185
Duty Factor [%]
0.1
0.1
Synchronous phase φ s [degrees]
−14
−15
Magnetic quadrupole length [mm]
60
60
Magnetic quadrupole aperture diameter [mm]
5
5
Average quadrupole magnetic gradient B′ [T/m]
250
240
(in FODO configuration)
Normalized transverse acceptance, 1 rms [π mm
0.8
0.9
mrad].
18. Acceleration system for composite charged particles of claim 17 , configured for medical purposes, and wherein,
the radiofrequency linear accelerator features a modular implementation and includes either a first accelerating structure section of DTL or SCDTL type and a following accelerating structure section of CCL type, or a single accelerating structure section type of DTL or SCDTL type, or a single accelerating structure section of CCL type, where the radiofrequency power in each module of which each section is composed is distributed in an adjustable and independent way, and
the two said Linac sections DTL and CCL have either the same frequency, either about 3 GHz or about 5.7 GHz, or different ones, respectively about 1.5 and about 3 GHz.
19. Acceleration system for composite charged particles, nuclear or molecular, with mass number greater than 1, in the form of ion beams, comprising:
a conventional or superconducting cyclotron,
a radiofrequency linear accelerator (Linac),
a medium energy beam transport line (MEBT) connected, on one end, either to the cyclotron output or to the output of the first part of the radiofrequency linear accelerator and, on the other end, either to the input of the radiofrequency linear accelerator or to the second part of the said radiofrequency linear accelerator,
a high energy beam transport line (HEBT) connected, on one end to the output of said radiofrequency linear accelerator and on the other end to a system for dose distribution to the patient, and
a source either continuous or pulsed in accordance to the Linac repetition rate, of the ECR, EBIS, or other source types, wherein
in order to accelerate 12 C 6+ carbon ions, for the said Linac DTL section at a frequency of 2.855 GHz e and for the said Linac CCL section at a frequency of 5.710 GHz the following parameters are included:
Frequency [MHz]
2855
5710
Q (ion charge)
6
6
A (ion mass)
12
12
Input Energy [MeV]
600
1920
Output Energy [MeV]
1920
4800
Number of accelerating cells per accelerating
7
14
structure
Accelerating cell diameter [mm]
20
40
Beam aperture diameter [mm]
4
4
Number of accelerating structures per module
4
2
Number of modules (same as the number of
18
38
klystrons)
Average length of a module [m]
1.06
0.69
Total length of the Linac [m]
19.17
26.18
Average transit time factor T
0.86
0.89
Average effective shunt impedance ZT 2 [MΩ/m]
85
87
Average electric field on axis E 0 [MV/m]
24.3
32.2
Maximum surface electric field in Kilpatrick
2.5
2.3
units
Average peak power required per module [MW]
3.5
4.8
Average power per module [kW]
3.5
4.8
Average power of the Linac [kW]
63
185
Duty Factor [%]
0.1
0.1
Synchronous phase φ s [degrees]
−14
−15
Magnetic quadrupole length [mm]
60
60
Magnetic quadrupole aperture diameter [mm]
5
5
Average quadrupole magnetic gradient B′ [T/m]
250
240
(in FODO configuration)
Normalized transverse acceptance, 1 rms [π mm
0.8
0.9
mrad].
20. Acceleration system for composite charged particles of claim 19 , configured for medical purposes.